Central African Republic
Sifo’ay-Afrika Kapolongan kitakit (中非共和國; Fransu a sowal:République centrafricaine; Sangko a sowal:Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka;通稱中非).
mikawitO itiraay i sasifo’an no Afrika a kitakit,o karopaway ko kamaroan nona kitakit, de’edo han ko rakat no toki ko kalafiyaw o Komayrong, Cate, Sotan, Katimolay-Sotan, Kongko Finawlan-Kitakit ato Kongko Kapolongan-Kitakit. Itiyaay i 1958 miheca saka 12 folad ko patirengan no kitakit, isa’ayaw ho i,caay ho malaheciay ko pisiiked, ikor to i 1960 miheca saka 8 folad saka 13 romi’ad malahei to misiiked mapatireng ko kitakit, o syoto i, o Panci (班基; Fransu a sowal:Bangui), itiraay i lawac no Panci-‘Alo kona niyaro’.
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I’ayaway a Sifo’ay-Afrika Kapolongan kitakit o Mikotoday-Fransu a Upanci-Syali kitakit(法屬烏班基-夏利領地; Territoire d'Oubangui-Chari), o mi’ecoan no Fransu a sakowan i Afrika,1950 miheca na misiiked patireng tona kitakit, cacorocorok sa ko Nisatekedan ko pikowan2.1993 miheca matongalmatongal ko pisa’eli no finawlan to o harateng no finawlan ko pi’arawan a mikowan sanay a longoc, satapang sato kona kitakit to o finawlan ko misinkiway to Tapang no kitakit,ci Anlan-Filikos-Potasay ko maalaay malacontong. I 2003 miheca mafelih no sofitay kona congtong, mapalasawad no kakeridan no sofitay ci Folangsowa-Pocice ko kalacongtong ni Potasay. 2004 miheca malengat ko Laloma’ay-Lalood no kitakit, iraira ko katatilid to misawad malalood i 2007 miheca ato 2011 miheca, I 2012 miheca malaliyaw heca ko kalalood, sanoyanan sato ko kaca ka pahanhan ko lalood.
Ano adihadihayay ko tadamaanay-fokeloh ato kinairaira no pala, patinako han o sarad-Yu,kasoling-simal, ‘ekim,tayamonto, kilang ato dinki no nanom,[1]ato kakahaday a omah, nikawrira, o tadamanikaway a kitakit itini i hekal. I 2017 miheca o Kapolongan-Nitayalan- 'Epoc Ilaloma' no kitakit: GDP, o cecay no mo’etep samanikaway kitakit I hekal,[2] 2019 miheca a Sa’osi no Kacemahadan no Tamdaw(人類發展指數;Human Development Index) o sakatosa nani saikor a sa’osien i polong no kitakit, o aikor i o Nire.[3] ira ko sowal no mikinkiway o tadacaay ka taneknek a kitakit[4] ato caay ka tatodong kamaro’an no tamdaw a kitakit sanay.[5]
Rikisi（歷史）
mikawitI’ayaw no cecay ‘ofad ko mihecaan, oya tafotafokan a pala caay ka nga’ay o kamaro’an no tamdaw, orasaka, pasitimol a maforaw koya mi’a’adopay a finacadan tayra I ka’amis no Sahero-Etal. ona maforaway tayni a finacadan i satapang to a patireng to niyaro’ maro’ itini a maomah, oninian i,o cecay no i ka ci Fa'elohay-Fokelohan a mihecaan.[6]
Itira to i saka 7 sici, sa’aloman sanay to ko maro’ay i Siso’ay-Afrika. Makowan no pinapina a hontian-kitakit konini a finawlan,ona makowanay a kitakit ira ko Nimo-Ponu(加奈姆-博爾努帝國;Kanem–Bornu Empire);Watai-Sotan(瓦達伊蘇丹國，或稱為瓦達伊帝國; Arapiya a sowal:سلطنةوداي; Fransu a sowal: royaume du Ouaddaï);Pacirmi(Baguirmi); ato ilawacay no Niro-’Alo a Tafo(達佛; Arapiya a sowal:دار فور). Ikor to adihay to pakiniyah sanay a milekal to nomako ko aniniay a Sifo’ay-Afrika sanay, o malopialaan to kuli, o kahiceraan no paliwalay to Kohetingay-Kuli ko ninian pala.
1875 miheca, Sotan-Kitakit a Sotan ci Rabih az-Zubayr mikowan to Fafa’eday-Opanci, I 1894 miheca mapateko i mikotoday to Fransu a Kongko, I 1903 miheca mikotoday to Fransu a Opancisali patireng tono niyah a pala(Territoire d'Oubangui-Chari), 1910 miheca mikotoday to Fransu a Kunis-no-Cikiw Afrika, tahira to I 1958 miheca ta patireng sa Niyah-Pikowan sifo, ikor to mala ifataday ho ko ka pikowan to no niyah-sakowan a Sifo’ay-Afrika kapolongan kitakit(Répulique Centrafricaine),ci Patayremi-Pokanta(巴泰勒米·波岡達; Faransu a sowal:Barthélemy Boganda ) ko sa’ayaway a Congli, 1959 miheca yo mapatay ci Pokanta I pakalican a hikoki,ci Tafi-Tako(David Dacko) ko mirocokay a malacongli.
1960 miheca saka 8 folad saka 13 romi’ad malaheci ko pisiiked patireng ko Sifo’ay-Afrika, ci Tafi-Tako ko pacarcaray malacongton, caka halafing malaso’elinay to a congton, o mitekeday ko pikowan. Orasaka, I 1965 miheca saka 12 folad saka31 romi’ad, oya toloay ko hana a kakeridan no sofitay ci Pokasa(讓-巴都·卜卡薩;Fransu a sowal:Jean-Bédel Bokassa) midemak to paka’icelay-pifelih to sifo, to cila a romi’ad paiked sa malacongtong, 1976 miheca saka 7 folad saka 4 romi’ad paiked sa malahonti, falic han ko ngangan no kitakit to Sifo’ay-Afrika Hontian Kitakit,to cila a miheaan saka 12folad saka 4 romi’ad misatata’ang to pipacalokan lisin,satapang to ko pi’enec to finawlan, wata ko kapadec no ‘orip no tamtamdaw. Yo ‘ayaway a congtong ci Tako ira ko pipadama no sofitay no Fransu ya mipalafang ci Pokasa tayra i Lipiya itiya ci Tako a mifelih to sifo, mili’yaw heca a malacongtong, lololen ko ngangan no kitakit to ‘ayaway a Sifo’ay- Afrika Kapolongan kitakit. 1981 miheca saka 9 folad, ci Antoli-Tiotoni-Kolipa(安德烈-迪厄多內·科林巴 ; Fransu a sowal :André-Dieudonné Kolingba) tapang no sofitay ko mifelihay to sifo,paiteked sa malakakeridan no kitakit.
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Tahira to i 1993 miheca, satapang sa kona kitakit to o finawlan ko misinkiway to mikowanay tamdaw, tona sinkiw ci Anre-Filikos-Potasay(安熱-費利克斯·帕塔塞;Fransu a sowal:Ange-Félix Patassé) maalaay tona sinkiw. 2003 miheca oya i’ayaway a kakeridan no sofitay ci Folangsowa-Pocico(弗朗索瓦·博齊澤 ; Fransu a sowal:François Bozizé) keriden ningra ko sofitay milood to kamaro’an no congtong laplapen ningra ko congton paiteked sa malacongtong,i 2005 mihecaan a sinkiw maala ci Pocico malacongtong no misinkiwan no finawlan.
Oya miketonan to a romi’ad to pisinkiwan to congtong i 2010miheca saka 4 folad mapanayar. Tona ingataay a mihecaan cilacila marawraw no Cisieliay-Mitokeray Sofitay(聖靈抵抗軍; Ikiris a sowal :Lord's Resistance Army), onini ko pipadang no Kinheko, ifiyaway kitakit ato Amirika to laplap tona miforiforay-sofitay. 2013 miheca o sakakaay o Muslin a komi ko mi li’angay to misakristoay, o ‘edef no kitakit macacoli ko Muslin ato misakristoay.[7] 2014 mihea saka 1 folad,milalang ko fiyafiyaw a kitakit sawad sato ci Ciawtotiya a malacongtong,ci Aliksanta-Fitinan-Enken( Alexandre-Ferdinand Nguendet) ko miceroray malacongtong. To roma a sinkiw fafalo ko masadakay misinkiw ci Kasalin-Sangpa-Panca(凱薩琳·桑巴-潘扎;Fransu a sowal:Catherine Samba-Panza), nikawrira, caay ko ifaloco’ay no Fransu ora sa ka milalang to kalacongtong ni Kasalin, ocor han ko sofitay a mitaker to kalacongtong. Tona miheca saka12 folad saka13 romi’ad, ira ko Kapolongan-Pitopa to pihayi to fa’elohay-kinpo(Tatapangan-Rikec no kitakit)[8] do’edoen kona faelohay kinpo a sinkiw no congtong i 2015 -2016 miheca i sakatosa liyad a mitopa ci Fostan-Arsangci-Towatela(福斯坦-阿爾尚熱·圖瓦德拉; Fransu a sowal :Faustin-Archange Touadéra) ko pakaalaay to 62.71% a satopa, tona miheca saka 3 folad saka 30 romi’ad maro’ to i kamaro’an no congtong.[9]
Kaitiraan ato palapalaan(位置與地形)
mikawitO kaitiraan nona kitakit itiraay i sasifo’an ko Afrika,o kahiceraan no ka’amisaykatimolay , ka’etip ato kawaliay, tadamaan ko kaitirran nona kitakit, o polong a sera ira ko 62 ‘ofad 5900 km²,ika’amis no sakawali malafiyaw ato Sotan, ikawali madado’edo ato Katimolay-Sotan, katimol o Konko-Finawaln Kapolongan-Kitakit.isaka’etip o Komaylong, ka’amis o Cate,1000 kilo ko kalalaay ato riyar,o so’elinay o karopaw a kitakit. O palal i adihay ko takaraway lotok ato masatapoloay a pala, o lalen no takaraway nani tongroh no riyar ira ko 700 laya’, o takaraway-dahetal i katimol no sasifo’an no Afrika.
水系(rakat no nanom)
mikawitAdihay ko ‘alo no sifo’an-Afrika kitakit, o sakakaay i o Opanci-’Alo,Sali-’Alo, Lokong-’Alo ato Manpo-’Alo, o salawacan no ’alo masadafdafay ko sera, o roma sa i sahetoay to o tapolo a saer.
Kakarayan(氣候)
mikawitIka’amis no Sifo’ay-Afrika kitakit o Fa’edetay-Semosemoatan Kakarayan, isakatimol o Fa’edetay-kala’oraday Kilakilangan Kakarayan, o lalen a fa’edet latek 27.8°C. isakatimol 8 a folad ko ka halafing no ’orad, tada patahtahay to nanom,isakatimolay cecay miheca ira ko 1200mm ko ‘orad, isalawacan no ‘alo so’emetay manga’ayay kaliomahan.
Pitooran (宗教)
mikawit
O sakakay ko ka’aloman ko mitooray i o misakristoay. I saka 17 sici mapacomod no paliwalay to kuli a itini i Sifo’ay-Afrika Kitakit ko Islam-Pitooran, paliwalen nganra ko kuli tayra i saka’amisan no Afrika ato lilis no Konko-‘Alo tahira i katimol. O Isalam a pitooran o sakatosa ko ka’aloman no mitooray, latek mahaop ko 15% no polong no tamdaw no kitakit, o sa’alomanay itiraay i ka’amis no saka’etip nona kitakit mingata to Cate-Kitakit ato Sotan.
Saka’orip(經濟)
mikawitO cecay no Sasafaay-Kacemahad a kitakit (最低度開發國家; Least developed country) i hekal kona kitakit.o kiomah ko sakakaay saka’orip no demak. Nani ka pisiikedan nona kitakit, sahetoay micangrayay to pipadang no roma a kitakit ko ’orip no tamtamdaw.o Fransu ko sakakaay mipadafo’ay, i 1997 miheca o milayapan a padafo’ no roma a kitakit ira ko 6000~9000 ‘ofad ko payso no Amirika.
O liomah i sahetoay o mamangay ko omah, o sakakaay a losay i o ‘alilay, kodasing, tamako,panay, tefos, damdam, kofi, parok, dateng ato losay, nikawrira, o heci cowa ka ‘edeng malakakaenen no finawlan.[10] ilaloma’ nonini a nipalomaan i o’edengan o kafi ato parok ko nipasadakan a paliwal. Nikawrira, o kafi i sahetoaay o Yoropa a tamdaw ko mipatiyamay, o kanac no parok i o sanga’ayay itini i ‘edef no Afrika. Ira ho ko roma a nipasadakan a paliwal o simal no nanges ato komo, tadaadihay ko kinairaira no kilakilangan, o kilalakilangan no Sifo’ay-Afrika kitakit i ira ko 22 ‘ofad 6958 km²,o mitahepoan no kilang a sera ira ko 36.4%,[11] adihay ko kasasiromaroma no kilang itini, i katimol no saka’etip ira ko kakahaday a Koni-No-Cikiwa a kilakilangan, nikawrira, awaay ko lalan cowa ka nga’ay a colo’en pasadak, orasaka, o kinairaira no kilakilangan caay ho tekaen a pacemahad.
Paliwalan a dafong(進出口貿易)
mikawitI 2015 miheca oni pacomodan a dafong a ‘aca ira ko 1.728 ok ko payso no Amirika,[12] o sakakaay i o parok, kafi, tayamonto ato kilan, o nipaliwalan a kitakita i o Congko, Inni, Konko-Fianwlan Kapolongan kitakit ato Norwi.[13]
I 2015 miheca oni pacomodan a dafong a mi’aca ira ko2,649 ok ko payso no Amirika,[14], o sakakaay ni’acaan i o simal, kakaenen, kasolin-simal, nananomen, sapaiyo,tosiya, toki, racio, nisanga’an nani kalas, o tipelok, kiladom, sakatayal, dafong no loma’, amoto,malad, kiay,dingki a dafong, hilyo, komo ato riko’.o sakakaay a kali’acaan a kitakit i o Norwi, Fransu ato Amirika.[15]
Pacefaday a Tilid (註腳)
mikawit- ↑ Africa :: Central African Republic — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov. [2020-08-04]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-31）.
- ↑ Report for Selected Countries and Subjects. www.imf.org. [2020-08-04]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-08）.
- ↑ Wayback Machine (PDF). web.archive.org. 2018-09-15 [2020-08-04]. 原始內容存檔於2018-09-15.
- ↑ These are the world's unhealthiest countries. The Express Tribune. 2016-09-25 [2020-08-04]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-08） （英語）.
- ↑ Foundation, Thomson Reuters. Central African Republic world's worst country for young people. news.trust.org. [2020-08-04]. （原始內容存檔於2021-02-08）.
- ↑ The History of Central and Eastern Africa, Amy McKenna, 2011, pg. 4
- ↑ 副秘书长：中非共和国暴力沿着宗教界线升级的危险真实存在. 聯合國新聞. 2014-01-06 [2014-01-26]. （原始內容存檔於2014-01-12）.
- ↑ 中非共和國舉行總統和立法選舉. [2018-07-28]. （原始內容存檔於2016-01-01）.
- ↑ "Central African constitutional court confirms Touadera elected president" （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, Reuters, 1 March 2016.
- ↑ 改寫自《非洲列國誌》--獅子山，頁43,1981年出版
- ↑ 聯合國統計資料庫. [2010-08-01]. （原始內容存檔於2016-08-01）.
- ↑ 中央情報局世界概況--出口總值. [2010-08-01]. （原始內容存檔於2020-10-04）.
- ↑ 中央情報局世界概況--出口貿易國. [2010-08-01]. （原始內容存檔於2010-04-25）.
- ↑ 中央情報局世界概況--進口總值. [2010-08-01]. （原始內容存檔於2020-10-04）.
- ↑ 中央情報局世界概況--進口貿易國. [2010-08-01]. （原始內容存檔於2010-04-25）.