Equatorial guinea
Sifo’an-Konis-Cikiw Kapolonga-Kitakit(赤道幾內亞共和國，簡稱赤道幾內亞;Sipangya a sowal:Guinea Ecuatorial; Fransu a sowal:Guinée équatoriale; Potawya a sowal:Guiné Equatorial ).
mikawit
O itiraay i sifo’ no Afrika, i 2020 mihecaan a pisa’sosi to tamdaw polpong ira ko 145 ‘ofad cisafaw to 4 patek ko tamdaw. Ano panganganen to Sifo’an-Konis-Cikiw hananay a tilid i,itiraay aca i lawac no kitakit to lilis no riyar ko pita’elif no Sifo’an-Konis-Cikiw, cowa ka pita’elif i pala nona kitakit.
Rikisi(歷史)
mikawitO i karopaway a pala a tamdaw sahetaoay o Pykomi a yincumin, nikawrira, masasiroma ho to pinapina a finacadan, o kamaro’an nangra a pala i,ma’eco no Panto tamdaw.1471 tahira i 1472 miheca o mikalicay to tamina no Potawya ci Fina-Topo(Fernao do Po) yo mikilim to sakatayraaw i Indo mahera ko Finatopo-Kanatal, pangangan han to “Formsa”(Formosa). I roma a fa’elohay a mihecaan pakahera to Anopon-kanatal, onini ko sakacingangan nona kitakit. 1499 miheca, mido’edo to “Totesiliyas-Kakaketonan” (《托德西利亞斯條約》; Sipanya a sowal:Tratado de Tordesillas; Potawya asowal:Tratado de Tordesilhas）o itirray i saka’etipan no S 60to o hano Sipanya a sera, isakawalian sera ono hano Potawya, itiniay a malingato ko Potawys a ciser i Aciya ato Afrika, o itiraay i katimolay a Karopaw-Amirika sahetoay o hano Sipanya a sera.
Malongato to ko pipapaliwal to kuli-tamdaw, tado han to no Potawya a tamdaw a miteked ko pialaan ato pipaliwalan. Malongoc ko Sipanya, misa’icwl i Afrika to pipaliwal to kuli-tamdaw.
1778 miheca, mihayi ko Potawya pafeli to mamang a sera to itiraay i lawac no riyar no Afrika to Sipanys, ato itiraay i laed no Okowi-‘alo i karopaway sera ato Niri-‘Alo a sera, o sakafafalic ato Potawya to pihayi no Sipanya to mi’ecoan no Potawya i S 50to a pala.
Iikor to no Lalomaan-Lalood no Sipanya kitakit, adihay to ko kacomahad no Sifo’an-Konis-Cikiw Kapolonga-Kitakit,. Ona pala i,mapalamikowanan no Sipanya i papotalay a Finantopo-kanatal ato Moni-‘alo a tosa sakowan.1964 miheca saka1 folad pakaala to niyah-pikowan kona tosa a sakowan. 1968 miheca ira ko picoracoh no Sapisiikedaw-Finacadan ato Linheko,hayi sato ko Sipanya to pisiiked nona kitakit, 1968 miheca saka 10 folad saka 12 romi’ad laheci sato ko MalamicongacongayKiniya a milekal misiiked patireng to kitakit, lahecien to mifalic ko ngangan no kitakit to Sifo’an-Konis-Cikiw Kapolonga-Kitakit.
1968 miheca malasa’ayaway a congtong ci Masiay-Enkuima, onini to ko lalengatan no tadamapadesay a Teked-Pikowan to cisafaw ko mo’etep miheca. Yo mikowan ci Masiay-Enkuima tadatadakatalawan ko pikowan, micoroh to sakalata’ang no niyah palakawas,alomanaloan ko mipatayan ningra to matayalay i sifo ato kalotamdaw, pala’idef han to ko polong no pitilidan, milalang to sinpon, kahirara a tilid,orasaka, terep sato ko katayal no sifo.
1979 miheca saka 8 folad saka 3 romi’ad o wawa no kaka ningra ci Toawtoro-Awpiyang-Mupasoko keridan ningra ko sofitay a mifelih ko sifo,. 1979 miheca saka 8 folad saka 3 romi’ad pataen ni Toawtoro-Awpiyang-Mupasoko ci Masiay-Enkuima. Tansol sa malacongtong ci wpiyang-Mupasoko, tahanini ko kalacongtong a mikowan tona kitakit.
Kaitiraan(地理)
mikawit
O kakahad no pala no Sifo’an-Konis-Nocikiw Kapolonga-Kitakit ira ko 28,051 km², tosaay pecih: sakacecay a pecih o Moni-Alo’ a Etal( o Mopini-Etal hananay ho a pangangan, 大陸大區;Región Continental; Districto de la Río Muni ), o itiraay I paropawan, kakahaday nani sawalian pasi’etip, da’ecoay nani katimo pasi’amis, madado’edoay ko pala ato Komaylong kitakit, Kapon kitakit, o Moni-‘Alo masaci’elis a romakat tona kitakit. O tata’angay a niyaro’ tona etal i, o Pato niyaro’(巴塔;Sipanya a sowal:Bata). O sakatosa pecih i,o itiraay i ka’amis no saka’etipan a Moni’-Alo, i Kiniyay-kihaw(幾內亞灣; Ikiris a sowal:Gulf of Guinea; Fransu a sowal:Golfe de Guinée) a Piawko-kanatal (yo makowan ho no Sipanya o Firnanto-kanatal hananay pangangan). O roma sato i,i katimo no saka’etipan no Piawko-kanatal to 596 km a Annopon-kanatal.( 安諾本島;Annobón).
Sakaci’etan dafong (經濟)
mikawit
Itini i katimo no Sahara-Tafotafokan a Afrika, o mamalacemahaday-kitakit(developing country) ko Sifo’an-Konis-Nocikiw Kapolonga-Kitakit, o sakakaay a sapili’etan o nipaloman a losay, o sakakaay a nipasadakan a paliwal a losay o koko, do’edo sa o kafi. Yo halafin makowan no Roma a kitakit, toyanan a mihecaan tada o manikaway, cinganganay i “Sasafaay ko kacemahad a kitat(最低度開發國家;IIkiris a sowal:Least developed country，nikawrira, i 1996 mihecaan makera ko kaso-simal i kemod no riyar.
nikawrira, i 1996 mihecaan makera ko simal ilaloma’ no riyar, orasaka,sakaramkam sato a macakat ko sapili’etan, 1997 tahira i 2001 mihecaan o kacakat no sapili’etan malawisay to ko 41.7%. 2004 miheca, macakat to mala sakatolo ko rayray to cisilamay a kitakti itini i katimo no Sahara-Tafotafokan no Afrika, cecay a romi’ad pakaalaay to 36 ‘ofad ko tolamokang.[1]
I 2001~2008 mihecaan o Kapolongan-Nitayalan 'Epoc Ilaloma' no kitakit( Gross Domestic Product ;GDP)tahiraay to i 20%, o ‘etan no polong a nipasadakan a defaong mahaop no silmal ko 99%. Nikawrira, malowan ko maalaay a simal. O so’elinay a GDP tahiraay aca i 15.2% malowan to 5% aca. O pali’ayaway a panengneng i,i 2011~2020 mihecaan miliyaw heca a macakat.
Tona pinapina a mihecaan masasiieday ko kacakat no pili’etan a dafong no Sifo’an-Konis-Nocikiw Kapolonga-Kitakit, pararid to mo’etep miheca ko katakaraw no sapili’etan to 26%.
I 2007 miheca midemak to polong no kitakit a kalalaocan pakayni to Sapili’etan-Demak, misanga’ to 2008~2020 mihecaan a lekakawa, caay ko simal a cecay aca ko papacomahaden,misongila’ to micolo’ay, tingwa, calayay, tingki ato sakafangcal no taliyok ato tatirengan, o sa’ayaway dademaken o liomah, misongila’ to fotingan a kakaenen, pisalamaan no lafang ato pakapaysoay demak, micoroh to kasasiromaroma a sapili’etan a tayal.[2] I 2017 miheca mikaopt i “Paliwalay to kalolin-simal kitakit a lekatep”(石油輸出國組織; Ikiris a sowal:Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries，OPEC).
Ano sa’akawakawangay ko lalen no ‘etan no kalotamdaw no Konis-Nocikiw Kapolonga-Kitakit itini i Afrika, ipolong no kitakit o saka 56 ko rayray.Nikawrira, o kacomahad no sapili’etan a dafong cowa ka lalen. Dengan o citangalay a tamdaw to papinapina ko ci’etenay. O sa’osi no Kinheko i 2015 mihecaan,itini i “Sa’osi no Kacemahadan no Tamdaw”(人類發展指數;Human Development Index)itiraay i saka 135 ko rayray(polong no kitakt 180). Ira ko fatad a ka’aloman no tamdaw aca ko cinanomay, 20% a ka’emangay caka pakatahira i 5 komihecaan mapatayay to. matongal no Mitekeday-kowan adihay ko pipenec to kalotamdaw ato mitiya, oninian o sasafaay i tahepoan no hekal.
Sieci(政治)
mikawit
Yo mapatireng to ko misiikeday a kitakit ko Konis-Nocikiw Kapolonga-Kitakit, sahetoay o madadodocay ko cecay laloma’an na Enkuima, midemak to Nisatekedan a Mikowan. 1968 miheca saka 10 folad, malasarakatay a congtong ci Folangsisoko-Maaysi-Enkuima(Francisco Macías Nguema). 1970 miheca, mipalasawad to romaroma a Sieci-Kasafelaw, dengan to mikowanay to kitakit a “Masacecayay-Matayalay Sieci-Tang” ko iraay. 1972 miheca ono niyah sa a pilekal to “Tahadahocay-Contong” ci Enkuima, midemak to Nisatekedan-Pikowan. Itira to kalacongan ni Enkuima, lomanaloan ko mipatayan ningra to matayalay i sifo ato kalotamdaw, pala’idef han to ko polong no pitilidan, milalang to sinpon, kahirara a tilid,halotaneng sanay a tilid malalang to, orasaka, terep sato ko katayal no sifo.
1974 miheca, mapaci’eci a ma’edef ko pitilidan no Tinsikiw, awa to midemakay pasifana’ay a sakowan, o faco no sapili’etan matekop, o Sakakaay-kinko ma’edef to.
1979 miheca saka 8 folad saka 3 romi’ad o wawa no kaka ningra ci Toawtoro-Awpiyang-Mupasoko keridan ningra ko sofitay a mifelih ko sifo,. 1979 miheca saka 8 folad saka 3 romi’ad felihen ni Toawtoro-Awpiyang-Mupasoko ci Masiay-Enkuima, patireng to Sakakaay-Lomaocan no Sofitay, mapalit ci Masiay-Enkuima, to ikor to patayen.Tansol sa malacongtong ci Awpiyang-Mupasoko, kinatolo a pararid malacongtong,tahanini ko kalacongtong a mikowan tona kitakit, nani 1979 miheca tahanini ira ko 43 ko mihecaan ko kalacongan.
O lomaocan no kitakit ira ko Kararemay-pikaykian ira ko 100 ko kiing ato Fafa'eday-pikaykian ira ko 75 ko kiing.