Fololonsi Nantingkel

Fololonsi Nantingkel 佛蘿倫絲‧南丁格爾

Fololonsi Nantingkel 佛蘿倫絲.南丁格爾

Fololonsi Nantingkel, OM, RRC (Inkilis: Florence Nightingale；1820 miheca 5folad 12romi’ad－1910 miheca 8folad 13romi’ad), o kangkofo no Inkilis ato mipolongay to sa'osi a fana’ a tamdaw, masofoc i Italiya nai Inkilis a cihafayay laloma’an,o Wina no Kankofo(護理師之母)hananay ko pikangodo a pangangan.

Nantingkel i Toic minanam to sakalakangkofo, minokay i Lonton a paisingan matayal. I 1853 miheca malakakeridan no kangkofo i Lonton paisingan. I Kelimiya kalaloodan i, misa’icel cingra to sofitay no Inkilis to sapipatirengaw to kalaloodan a ising, sakanga’ay no midoka’ay madama a hitay. Mihapinang cingra to mataringay a demak no hitay, pasadak to malalooday i Kelimiya, mapatayay a hitay no Inkilis o madadengadengaay, ato nano madoka’ay i kalalood awaay ko inanengay to sapidipot miadah saka ’aloman ko mapatayay, so’elinay mapatayay i kalalood caayka ’aloman. Saka pakaynien ningra i masa’arawraway ko pahapinang pakafana’ to nian.

Nantingkel i 1854 miheca 10 folad 21 romi’ad ato 28 a kangkofo makahiay tayra i Kelimiya i kalaloodan ising matayal. Malakakeridan noya ising, masowal “O coyoh no Kelimiya” ahan; Nantingkel to dadayadaya mitatoy to dadaw mihelap to adadaay, masowal to “Mitatoyay to dawdaw a fafahiyan” ahan (The Lady with the Lamp).

Nano sakatadamaan ni Nantingkel, oya caayay katadamaan no malakangkofoay, mapacakat i syakay ato i harateng no alomanay, mlao kalata’angan to. “Nantingkel” malangangan no malakangkofoay.

’Ayaway ’orip 早期生涯

Fololonsi Nantingkel i 1820 miheca 5 folad 12 romi’ad masofoc i Italiya Fololonsi a nga’ayay ’orip a Inkilis laloma’an, matiya o kaka to fafahiyan, misacemoday ci Paertenopo Nantingkel i Italiya Paertenopo (Parthenope, telangay ngangan no Napoles) masofoc, nawhani oni a ngangan no niyaro’ ko pipangangan; ni Fololonsi a ngangan o nai kasofocan ko pialaan: Fololonsi.

O mama ato in ani Nantingkel ci Wiliam Etwalt Nantingkel (Inkilis: William Nightingale) (William Edward Nightingale, 1794-1875) ato ci Falansis Fenni Nantingkel Semis, 1789-1880). O in ani William ci Mali (Mary née Evans, o ama: ni Fololonsi) o sona: ni Pitilo Nantingkel (Peter Nightingale), nai cingraan midotoc to ni Nantingkel kacingangan ato silosi. O mama ni Fenni (Akong ni Fololonsi) o mipalasawaday to palafadesay to tamdaw ci Wiliam Semis.

Kalakapahan ni Nantingkel, o nga’ayay ko ’orip, ira ko mipatadoay, marariday i kakeroan, salong ko ’orip, ato i liyokay no cidafongay. Talacowa kainalan nengnengen no tamdaw, nikawrira i faloco’ ni Nantingkel masahoracay, awaay ko hakanga’ay no ’orip. Nawhani na o madoka’ay makalat no ’a’adopen cingra, itaiya miketon ko faloco’ to midamaay a kangkofo; malo nipafelian no kakarayan a demak to sakida’oc no ’orip, nanoya sakaci’icel no ciepocay a ’orip.

O sasowalen na o pakatengilay to sowal no Kawas saan, palakangkofo i cingraan, mipili’ to nia lalan. So’elinay, i ’ayaw no 1837 miheca i Aypoli a koying (Inkilis: Embley Park) misatapang, na o malakangkofoayto cingra. Itiya a mihecaan, o malakangkofoay a tayal caay ko nga’ayay a demak, dengan o pakoyocay milifonay fafahiyan, mangalay dademak to ka’acekan tayal, ira ko kalaloodan, tayra mikotod ko malakangkofoay i kalaloodan, maroray ci katalawan.

Itiya pinengneng no tamdaw: o malakangkofoay ato satofangay, misafelay malecaday ko tayal. 1844 miheca, tona ci Nantingkel mihapiw cingra to matayalay a kangkofo, sakisalaloma’an ningra i, mangalef ko pacekok, keter ato rarom no ina. Nika, o nidemakan ni Nantingkel i ikor, mafakic to ko nipinengneng no syakay to tayal no malakangkofoay, mapalasawad ko itiyaay “malafafahiyanay i loma’ay midipotay a ina” sanay i hirateng no syakay, kafana’en no alomanay, ira ko nga’ayay siromaay i syakay nidemakan no fafahiyan.

Wata: ko pidama ningra to pakoyocay tamdaw. I 1844 miheca 12 folad, ira ko cecay pakoyocay tamdaw na o matayalay mapatay i ising no kaysiya i Lonton, rarawraw ko alomanay tamdaw to keter to ising, itiya, ci Nantingkel micekeroh to sakacakat no pipaising no isingan demak.

1851 miheca, mafana’ ci Nantingkel i Toic sarakatay no kalocalay no isingan ci Kaysawite (Kaiserswerth), nai Toic Lotehuy a foksi ci Sauto Folitena (Inkilis: Theodor Fliedner) (Theodor Fliedner, 1800-1864) patireng, patorod to midamaay mikowan to demak no paisingan. Nanoya ci Nantingkel mapacekil to pidama ato nidemakan itiya.

Ikor ci Nantingkel pakalayap to tahidang siciya ato mi’olicay ci Lica Monketon Milnis (Inkilis: Richard Monckton Milnes) to pitapi’. 1847 miheca, i Loma malalitemoh siciya ci Siteni Hepote (Inkilis: Sidney Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Lea). O ciramoday to ci Hepote, nakawrira tona masaso’araw cangra i, masasi^nep cangra a tatosa, nanoya o masasinga’ayay a widang cangra. Madama ni Hepote ko kangkofo tayal ningra i Kelimiya, o pitengilan ningra ci Hepote to sakisici a demak. Tangasa i 1851 miheca, kana’ayen ningra ko pitapi’ ni Milnis i cingraan, nawhani paso’elin cingra o kararamod sakasa’et to tayal, nikawrira hatiniay a hirateng mi’odangay to malainaay a nisafaloco’an.

Nantingkel ato ci Pancimin Ciowite (Inkilis: Benjamin Jowett) na iraay ko kasasinga’ay nangra, itiya cifaloco’ cingra sakaitiraan i Niwcin Daykako mipasifana’ to mipolongay fana’ tiya. [2]

O kalakangkofo ni Nantingkel i 1851 miheca misatapang, itiya, tayra cingra i Toic Kaysawite, o hicoci ko todong mikihatiya mihatatanam to sasimawan[3], 4 folad. Miliyang ko salaloma’an ningra mihatatanam, nawhani o katalawan ko nian, o sasafaay ko malakangkofoay, sa o no Tinsokiw kira no paisingan. Talacowa caay cokeren no laloma’an cingra, naka mico’ay ko pinangan ningra, paci’ci sa a tayra i Kaysawite. Itira, sowal sa cingra, pakalayap to tadamaanay tayal “satadamaanay nitanengan”.

Nantingkel i 1860 miheca i Lonton Santomas isingan, patireng to saka cecay caayay ko misarocoday a pitilidan no malakangkofoay[4], anini o Lonton hongti kakyin, mapatireng ko pisarocodan minanam to sasimawan. Kasofocan ningra i saka 5 folad 12 romi’ad maketon romi’ad no kangkofo i kasakitakit.

Kelimiya kalalood 克里米亞戰爭

Sakatadamaan ni Nantingkel nai Kelimiya kalaloodan itiya. 1854 miheca 10 folad 21 romi’ad, cingra ato 38 a fafahiya mihayda malakangkofoay ko tayal, tayra i kaitiraan no sofitay no Inkilis, i Kelimiya a kanatal no Elose.

Ci Nantingkel ato cefang a kangkofo i 1854 miheca 11 folad tangasa. Manengneng nangra ko roray: sa misacikacikayay a misasimaway, caay ka sarocod ko sadipot to madoka’ay a sofitay, pakonira o sanay ko pinangan no sifo. Sapaiyo caay ka’edeng, kapolonganisi mapakoniya, madadengadengay ko iraay, adihay ko madengaay mapatay. Awaay ko sakacitodong patala to kakaenen no adadaay.

I saka cecay kasi’enawan, i Sekotari (Scutari) ira ko 4,077 mapatayay a sofitay. O sakapatay no sofitay naik odic, so’enaw, kadadengadenga no lifong, i kaka no kalaloodan mapatay to mo^etep kaaloman. I pacarcaran ising no sofitay i katatiih no kapolonganisi ko sakapatay, nawhani aloman masafeleng ko adadaay, isingan a tata’ian caay ka fangcal, caay kaedeng ko pafalian. Sifo no Inkilis miocor to nisiwiyinhuy i 1855 miheca 3 folad tayra i Sekotari, mifalic to kamolaliwan no kaacekan pinafalah ato pafalian a demak, nanoya malowan to ko cimapatayay. I kalaloodan itiya, ci Nantingkel mahapinang to o kapolonganisi ko kasongila’, ta malowan ko cimapatayay.

Midotoc ko painiay kisya to demak i kalaloodan, ci Nantingkel ato cefang a kangkofo kadadamadama ko mikeroday to sakacaaw kadadengadenga, masongila’ ko kaen ato kapolonganisi, masowal no madoka’ay sofitay “o niocoran no Kawas a coyoh” ahan, ca Nantingkel ato cefang o dadayadaya mitatoy to dadaw mihelap to adadaay, o adadaay madoka’ay kako caay ka saan maepod kafoti’an, mihinokop i sra micopcop to ’adingo.

Patiko ci Nantingkel i Inkilis, misitapang mikilim to patinakoan, sapiparatoh i hongti wiyinhuy to pakayniay sakitatirengan no sofitay, itiya paso’elin cingra, o mapatayay i isingan a sofitay, o nai latiihay kamaro’an ko sakapatay. Pakayni tina matanengay ningra malopido’edoan no ikor tayal no ’orip, paini cingra o nga’ayay a nisi ko sakafangcal no ka’oripan. Orasaka, i caay kai kalaloodan, misitapang to sakanga’ay no nisi no isingan, miserer to sakapatay no sofitay.

I 1859 miheca pasadak ci Nantingkel to cecay 136 ko felih a nitilidan malopifana’an ‘Notes on Nursing (Inkilis: Notes on Nursing)’, i Nantingkel pitilidan ato roma sasimawen pitilidan malopido’edoan. O roma a nitilidan ira ‘Notes on Hospitals’, ‘Notes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency and Hospital Administration of the British Army’.

I 1870 mihecaan, ci Nantingkel mi’eses ci Linta Ricars (Inkilis: Linda Richards), “ I Amilika saka cecay makongling matanengay a kangkofo”, pinokay ningra i Amilika marocek ko pikongling ato pakafana’, malatadamaanay to sakisasimawfana’, ikor ci Linta Ricars i Amilika ato i Dipong o satadamaanay to saki sasimawen.

Mipolongay ato kapolonganisi a pifalic 統計和衛生改革

Nai kaemangan ni Nantingkel mahapinang ko fana’ to pisa’osian a coka tilid, ikor, ci Nantingkel o sakinengneng no mata ato mipolongay a pa’ayaway. [5] o sapidemak ningra o limoloay a coka, talacowa i 1801 miheca nai ci Wiliam polayfil a nisanga’an, itiya na o safa^elohay kacipinangan a pitodongan.

Ci Nantingkel masowal o “pisa’osian coka a tilid kacipinangan, o so’elinay pa’ayaway”, pacomahaden ningra ko pakamaro’an a limoloay tilid[6], sacisowal sa “ni Nantingkel a tarangit coka”, matiya no aniniay a limolo mo’ecelay tilid, pahapinang to pikowan ningra to i kalaloodan no isingan, o kapatay no adadaay i kasasifalifalic no romi’ad a mafalic. Pakaynien ningra i kamaro’an a limoloay tilid, sapahapinang misa’osian a paratoh to kitakit a kiing, paratoh to kalaloodan i Kelimiya a isingan.

Ikor, ci Nantingkel pasayra i ’orip no maomahay i Itiya, misa’osi to polong no nisi pikingkiw, sakasongila’aw to isingan ato kapolongannisi a demak i Intiya. I 1858 ato 1859 mihecaan, malaheci to kasasowal ningra to pipatireng to hongti wiyinhuy, sapikingkiw to ni Intiya a demak. I 1873 miheca, pasimpon ci Nantingkel, “ikor no 10 mihecaan a nisi, i Intiy a sofitay mapatayay nai 69 no patekan, malowan i 18 ko tamdaw.”

I 1859 miheca Nantingkel mapatoro’ i Inkilis hongti polonganisi pisinikan sa’ayaway fafahiyan a iing, ikor mala iing no polonganisi no Amilika.

Pihiratengan 紀念

1867 miheca patireng, itira i Lonton Watolo pala (Ferans: Waterloo Place) a Kelimiya pihiratengan ‘otoc (Inkilis: Crimean War Memorial), mapatireng mitatoyay to dawdaw a marar ci Nantingkel.

1907 miheca, hongti no Inkilis ci Aytehua saka pito patodongen to kadang ci Nantingkel, sa’ayaway pakaolahan fafahiyan.

1912 miheca, kasakitakit kangkofo licikay i mihecahecaan 5 folad 12 romi’ad kasofocan ni Nantingkel patodong o romi’ad no kangkofo i kasakitakit.

1912 miheca, Kahengangay ciwcika kasakitakit iingkay miketon, tosa miheca kinacecay pakadang ato pakompay to Nantingkel sapakaolah.

1912 Ci Makos nai Toic ‘Sinaote simpon’ ato i Amilika ‘Niwyok kalalicay simpon’ pangoyos to pahemek ci Nantingkel an, saka i papotal no Inkilis mayakyak ko ngangan ningra.

1989 miheca, Fololonsi Nantingkel pinengnengan (Florence Nightingale museum) mapatireng i Inkilis Lonton Santomas isingan.

2008 miheca 10 folad, Syangkang Ilisapay ising a lalan, pakayraan i cisipolongan mihapiw pangangan Nantingkel lalan (Nightingale Road) [7].

Tangasa anini “Nantingkel” kacingangan no malakongkofoay, i Inkilis ato Ferans a pala, mipatireng to “Nantingkel sasimawen pitilidan” patodong mikongling to malakangkofoay. I Taywan, o sasimawen pitilidan, patireng to Nantingkel a kaimahan, matilid ko “kangkofo a sarikec”. O misawaday to a “kangkofo” i ka’ayaw ni Nantingkel a kaimahan misa’osi to “kangkofo a sarikec” ta manga’ay miliyas to pitilidan a matayal.

Helan a hongti hikoki a Maytaw MD-11 (toki PH-KCD) o ningra ko pipangangan, o nia hikoki i 2014 miheca 11 folad 11 romi’ad misawad to. [8][9]

Pinengnengan tilid. 參考文獻

1.Florence Nightingale. King's College London. [2015-11-30]. （原始內容存檔於2015-12-08）.

2.Bibby, John. (1986) Notes towards a history of teaching statistics

3.南丁格爾環境理論 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2007-09-28. - 《大理學院學報：綜合版》——第3卷第3期大理學院學報JOURNAL OF DALI COLLEGE，2004年5月

4.陳炳聖. 《萬物簡史》. 源樺. 2007. ISBN 986828421X.

5.Lewi, Paul J. Speaking of Graphics. 2006 [2012-02-12]. （原始內容存檔於2009-03-11）.

6.Cohen, I. Bernard (1984), p.107.

7.香港有條南丁格爾路. 蘋果日報. 2008-10-13 [2011-05-06].

8.Photos: McDonnell Douglas MD-11 Aircraft Pictures. Airliners.net. 14 August 2010 [17 May 2012]. （原始內容存檔於29 October 2013）.

9."Win two last tickets for KLM's MD-11 Farewell Flights on 11 November". KLM.com

「第五特異点 北米神話大戦 イ・プルーリバス・ウナム」開幕！. Fate/Grand

10.Order 公式サイト. 2016-03-30 [2017-12-11]. （原始內容存檔於2017-12-13） （日語）.