O pangangan to " Lalood i Cepo' " ( 大港口戰役的名稱)

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Ci Lekal Makor kakittan aci Safulo hakasi

Itiya ho ono Kuwaping a pinengneng tona lalood o matiyaay o rawraw aca no niyaro’ hato saan, orasak pangangan han no Kuwaping to " 大港口事件 ) hananay a pangangan, o matiyaay o cowa ka i laloma no Taywan a kalofodfod konian sanay ko totodong no ninian , matiya o misafaay to pilood no to'as no 'Amis a tamdaw to sofitay no Kuwapin, orasak i 2022 miheca saka 8 folad a pitahidang ko kofa no Fakong malisaot ko polong kakitaan ato kakeridan no niyaro' no Fakong a masasowal, malacecay ko nisafaloco'an no mikaykiay to pifalic a pangangan sano Kuwapingen o " 大港口戰役 " hananay to a miketon no 'alomanay a pangangan, onian matatodongay tono 'Amis a sowal tora lalood sanay cowa ko fodfod.no 'Amis a pinengengen tona lalood(大港口戰役阿美族觀點)[1] konini a lalood .

I'yaway no saka 19 sici no Taywan ( 19 世紀初的台灣)

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Pakimad ci Lekal Makor i 1995 miheca piharatengan a saopo

Oya 1878 a mihcaan a tata’angay a kalalood no sawaliay a niyaro’ no ’Amis ato sofitay no kuwaping no Mancing i, o “Lalood i Cepo’ ” hananay konini. Tahanini ira to ko 146 mihcaan.Tangasa i tatenokan no 1700 a mihecahecaan i, matatootoor ko Holan ato Sipanya a tamdaw a tayni i Taywang mali’aca to maamaan a dafong. Tona mihecahecaan i,matatodong to pikowan no Kaping no Mancing i tiya, ira ko pipa’ading no cikowangay a sofitay no Mancing, orasaka,sa’aloman sa ko Payrang a mi’afas a mi’eco to sera no ’Amis to hakamaro’an nangra a misatata’ang to niyah a tayal.

Nikawrira, yo misatapang kono papotalay a finacadan a micomod i, itiyaay ko pisatapang no ’Amis a tamdaw a mipa’ading to sapidipotaw to ka’oripan a pala ato niyaro’. Talacowa adihay ko nikalalood ato papotalay a finacadan ko tamdaw no Taywan, o sakakaay ko kararimaan nona kalalood i Cepo’, wataay to ko pikinalefoh no ’Amis a mitaker to ’ada a midipot to ka’oripan nangra a pala. Oninian how i, ona tadamaanay a “Lalood i Cpo’ ” lafinay tato a caka lingwaen, pakayni toninian a lalood ko kahapinangan no tamdamdaw to i’ayaw no cimacima iraayto i sa’ayaw aca ko ’Amis a tamdaw a maro’ itini. Orasaka, i rayray no nitilidan a rikisi no Kuwaping i, caay ka samaan ko pinengneng no Kuwaping toninian a lalood. Mangaref taynien to i rikisi no Kuwaping tona 5000 komihcaan i, awaayto ko cecacecay aca a nitilidan pakaniay to demak no i Taywangay a ’Amis Tamdaw.[2]

O mitiliday to rakat no rikisi no Yincumin i, sahetoay o tao a finacadan, o nangra aca a tilid ko sapitilid. Pakaynien nangraay a harateng ko pinengneng a mitilid toninian a kalalood no ’Amis. Tinako sa, mitilid sa ko payrang matiniay,o saka pi’afas to sera no ’Amis i, o mamisanga’ to ha lalan nangra, ta mafalic to ko kanga’ay no niyaro’ nangra saan. Painien to hapitilidan ato paisingan, ta macakat to ko ’orip no itiniay saan cangra o Kuwaping. ’Arawhan aca, ano o saka nga’aya no ’Amis ko nidemakan ngara i, nawiro mi’a’afas to omah, mi’afas to fafahiyan no niyaro’,palakulien ho ko tamdaw no niyaro’ no ’Amis, adihay haca ko karawrawan ato nikacacoli. Saikorayto i, mala tata’angay to ko kalalood no nikacacu’ay. O hatiniay i, o tao a finacadan ko patadoay a mitilid to no roma a finacadan a rikisi, ta toor hanto no awaay kono tireng a tilid ha sapitilid to no tireng a rikisi a finacadan i, tada o kasemelanto ko matiniay a demak.Oya awaay ko maamaan a laday 'orip no 'Amis a tamdaw tangsol sato macawcaw no Kuwaping.

 
1995 miheca sakacecay a piharatengan saopo

Ono 'Amis a pinengneng to " Lalood i Cepo' " (阿美族史觀的大港口戰役)

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Anini sato, ano tikolen ta a minengneng kono i ’ayawayho a marakatay a demak i ’orip no ’Amis i, mahapinangto no mita konini, o tata’angay a ’icel no kitakit ko milengatay a mifolaw to miningay a niyaro’ no ’Amis. ’Aloman ko sofitay, tadamaan ko sapirood nangra a ’idoc, sasiroma saan ko nika masafa ko ’Amis, orasaka, o micu’ayay kamo, o mali’angay a finacadan ko ’Amis, saan ko pifelih nangra a mitilid to rikisi no Taywan.[3]

Iraay ko matiniay a pifelih to sowal saka, tanamen ta a mikilim koya masidayayto ato matawalayto itira i nalacolan koya itiyaayho a demak. Loficen ta a patatongotongod koya mapicpicayto a facu ato marakatay no tato’asan no ’Amis a demak. Hasapipalal toya ikmoday a caayto ka songira’ ato matawalayto a harateng. Ta mahapinang koya so^elinayto a demak to o fonos ko sapisi’ayaw to kowang a kalalood, o pikinafalah no tamdaw to ’orip a midipot to niyaro’ ya sanay a nika fana’.

 
1995 miheca a nipatirengan piharatengan fakeloh

Saka 22 a romi’ad no saka 4 a folad i 1995 a mihcaan i, itira i potal no loma’ ni Asoy i Cpo’ ko pipatireng to ’eri’ a ngayangay. Ira ko piharateng a mita’ong toya i’ayaw to semo’ot ira ko pinapina a mihcaan a “Lalood i Cpo’ ” hananay a demak. Miharateng toya mihadidi ko pilood a misi’ayaw to nika’aloman ta to no fofitay no Mancing, kinapinapina a malowid ko ’ada, ci’icel ko tamdaw to sapitakeraw to ’ada a midipot to niyaro’. Nikawrira, kaikorto i, ira ko pitarakar a misa’efit no fofitay no Mancing to kapah no ’Amis, oya 165 a tamdaw ma^emin a pala’edef han a mipatay. Karteng ko faloco’ no tamdamdaw itiya, a mipatireng to ’otoc a fakeroh a mikining. Itiya awaay ko cecacecay aca a tilid tona ’otoc a fakeloh. O sapipahapinangaw konini to i hekalay a tamdamdaw, ano awaaway aca ko tilid no ’Amis i, ’adihay ko tadamaanay a demak i rikisi no to’as ita.[4]

 
"Cipatelaway no Cepo' "( Cepo' 民族英雄) 2023,04,30 nipatirengan nisafa'eloh

Saka 4 a folad no 2008 a mihcaan i, o “ Saopo no Singsingsi no Ta’angayay Pitilidan”[5] itira i Kohkoh ko sa’opo no midemakay to pikingkiw a malalicalicay pakayni i ikor to 130 a mihecaan no “ Lalood i Cepo’ ” hananay.Matahidangg aca ko finawlan a maainini to niharatengan.Oninian a mipadetengan a mitawal a rikisi no mita i,nanay matalahekal to ko so’elinay a demak ta mapalata’ang ko to’as, mahapinang to no tamtamdaw a mafana’ to nikatadamaan ko materekay no ’Amis a rikisi i Taywanan, ta mahinom to ko salo’afang no to’as ita. Osaka saan ta talolong to ko kafana’ no tamtamdaw cowa kaawa ko rikisi no mita.Hatiniay ko pades ato kacodaah no ’Amis a tamdaw a kinafalah to ’orip a midipot tona pala i Taywan.  Oya demak a masa’opo a mikining i 1995 a mihcaan, ato milsapay i niyaro’ a miloloday ko pikingkiw i 2001 a mihcaan, ato pisadak to nikingkiwan a tata’angay Kapolongan-Nitilidan i 2008 a mihcaan. Malaheci to no “ Saopo no Singsingsi no Ta’angayay Pitilidan” konini a mainsac. Masacecayto i cecayay a nitilidan a mapasadak i saka 4 a folad no 2008 a mihcaan. Anini a mihecan o sakakinatosa to a pasadak to matiniay a Nitilidan ta mafana’ ko cimacima to katadamaan nona “Lalood i Cepo’”. O sakakaay a kasasiromano ’ayaway ato aniniay a nipasadak i, adihay ko nipacomadan a harateng no ’Amis a tamdaw no aniniay.[6]

O mamisatata’ang to piharateng tona saka145 miheca no “Lalood i Cepo” tonini a mihcaan, orasaka, ira ko piliyaw a pirina’ tonini mikingkiwan a nitilidan. Nanay ’aloma’aloman ko mafana’ay toninian a rikisi, caay ko mamasawad konini i rayray no rikisi no Taywang. Yo misatapang to karetengay a pisafaco a misanga’ to rayray no rikisi no Taywang i, o mamangay aca konini a pihawang pasi’ayaw, nanay pakayni pisatalolong ko pikingkiw to kahacecacecay no demak, matatongotongod koninian i, malahci ko masongira’ay to a rikisi no polong no Yincuminco no Taywan. Matongal ko nikafana’ a mikinkiw to pirecep i kapolongan a harateng, ato pisiwar to kacomahad no niyaro’.Pakayni tonini “ Lalood i Cpo’ ” a demak i, omaan ko nikafalic no ’Amis a tamdaw ano saan i,pakaynien ita i kafalic no ’orip no cecay a finacadan mahapinang konini. Ano kitinien i “piliyaw a misanga’ to rikisi ato ponka no niyaro’ ko demak” i, caka ^eca mahapinang ita o kakalimlaan ko materekay no to’as ita a ’orip, ato papasitira to fa^elohay a rakat no finacadan ita.[7]

I 2016 miheca saka 8 folad sakacecay romi’ad, mili’ay ko congtong ci Caiyinwen to polong a Yincumincu no Taywan, sowal saan,itini i Taywan deng o payrang aca ko iraay ko rikis away kona Yincumin a rikisi.Nikawrira,i’ayaw no pinapina a patek ko mihecaan, iraayto a maro’ itini tona Taywan, makadofah ko kaciponka ato kacitaneng,mararocorock tahanini. Nikawrira,dengan o ci’icelay a finacadan ko pi’arawan a mitilid to rikis,itini ko pili’ay no mako to polong no Yincumin no Taywan.Ona pasadak tona ohong todongay o pipatalahekal to kapalal no faloco’ ono niyah a rikis oniyah ko mamitilid ato mamipakimad.Tada miaray to pipacafay a midama tona pipasadak to nitilidan ko Sakakay Citatodongay to Yincuminco Sakowan ato kokosyo no Fakong, ato polong finawlan.[8]

Lalengatan nona lalood(戰役的起因)

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Do'edoen ko paratoh no maliteng o lalengatan nona lalood ira ko sepat a demak ko pacikelay saan, ona sepat:

sakacecay(1):mi’odang to fafahiyan no niyaro’(調戲部落婦女)

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O masowalay o pinangan ni Tangayhay, O Tatolotolo ko fafahi ni Tangahay i niyaro’[9], cisowal sa ci Tangayhay:kako o tapang mikowanay to hitay no kaping, iray ko faloco’ nomako a mitahitdang to hitay nomako a tayni i cepo’. Ano tahini ko hitay no mako i cepo’, o ngohah sato ato fafahi no kapah no cepo’ a caay ka’eca ka ’afas no hitay no mako. Misapades ci Tangayhay to finawlan no niyaro’, tayra i Kohkoh mikayki liliden no kapah,mikuli ho to kapah no niyaro’, mi’odang to fafahiyan no niyaro’, ano so’elin ira ko hitay a tayni,alacecay ko fafahi han i ma’emin to awa ko fafahiyan no niyaro’ halowawa caka ’osaw no kaping.)[10]

Sakatosa(2):palakoli to malitengay ato kapah no niyaro'(勞役部落老人及年青人)

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Mipapisakoli sato to finawlan, rakat sa a tayra i folalacay a micolo’ to dafong no kaping,o tomok to, o mama no kapah to, ato kapah,palalen hananay a papisakoli, awa sato ko kalita’angan no tomok, mama sato no kapah cato ka pakasowal to karalemay a selal,oya fangcalay a kasaselal no niyaro’ caayto ka sa’osi’osi ko tayal.

Sakatolo(3):mapalahedaw ko kailisinan(破壞歲時祭儀)

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O kailisinan a romi’ad caka saan ko kaping,sa’opoen ho nangra ko kapah no niyaro’ a misakoli papisanga’ to polol no hitay, na onian ko kasasifod no ilisin,mapalahedaw to ko pingodo to to’as,to kawas no pala ato riyar.i 1877 miheca saka 7 folad ira ko tata’angay a faliyos micomod itini i cepo’, maha’emin mapeleng ko polol no Kuwaping, o niyaro’ ato liomah no ‘Amis malikowat no fali madowdow no nanom ko omah. Matatanga to kailisinan no ‘Amis, pacici sa papisakoli miliyaw a patireng to polol no sofitay, awa sato ko molingwaay to no niyah a niyaro’ ato omah, mapalasawad ko ilisin.[11]

Sakasepat(4):mi'afas to sera no 'Amis(搶佔阿美族的土地)

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Ya tahayni saho ko kaping i cepo’ i, tado han nangra ko misamatangan no finawlan no 'Amis tamdaw a pala a mipatireng to polol no sofitay, sa pangangan han no ’Amis to " napololan" han kora kaitiraan no sofitay a polol,ma’eco to ko sera,mapalahedaw to ko maamaan a kinaira no liomah,itirato ko kanikaw no ’orip no niyaro’. itiya ho ano mipamatang to pala, o kamay sanay ko sapipamatang, o maamaan to a tayal sahetoay ko nakamayan no 'Amis a tadaw, mamangay a nimaan ko nikarolay a maomah msalafiifii a maomah, cowa ka piharateng ko Kuwaping to karorayan no 'Amis tado sa a mi'eco to pala no 'Amis.[12]

Paci'eci a papikapot to Tangafolan finacadan: (強迫馬卡道族參戰,以番制番)

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I kalaloodan a mihecaan, ira heca ko sapiliyaw a mafodfod namo o Cepo’,irray to ko sowal nira ta miyanan a mikapot kamo tamiyanan. Ano caay pikapot, patayen niyam saan tamiyanan, ora ko saka “ Hay ”han niyam. Ano matira aca ha salikaka i ’Amisay a faki na’onen kami haw, nengneng ko tireng niyam aka pipatay tamiyanan o salikaka a mafa’ to kami kira. Na matira ira to “Lomowad to kami saan koya hitay no Kaping. Ano tayra kami i niyaro’ namo haw, caferen niyam kamo, malalatihi niyam a mifolaw to kapah no Cepo’” saan ko kaping.[13]

O kalaloodan (戰爭的經過)

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O cicu no Lalood i Cepo i 1878 mihecaan

Sakakinacecay a lalood(第一次戰役)

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I 1877 miheca saka 7 folad looden no Kuwapin ko Olaw a niyaro' i Kohkoh, caka pakacecay romi'ad malowid to no Kuwaping ko 'Amis a tamdaw.orasaka pasitira to Cepo' a milood ko Kuwaping a sofitay.oya itiraay i Folalacay a sofitay no Kuwaping pasi'amis a malalitemoh a midama milood to 'Amisan niyaro' ato Dafdaf niyaro'.

Masaopo ko sofitay i ka'amis no Rokot(獅子嶼 ) i Lidaw Dihif, kaherek ci Mayaw Aping a misalisin fahekoren to no kapah ko datong pasitira i sofitay no Kuwaping,sanokicakic sato ko sofitay i riyariyaran.tahira i ngata' no Folalacay ko reper no kapah no Cepo'. O ninian ko pangangan han no 'Amis a tamdaw kona pala to " kakakowangan "(交戰的地方).

Sakakinatosa a lalood (第二次戰役)

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Yo malowid no 'Amis ko Kuwaping, ciharateng sato ko kakeridan no Kuwaping wa caay kafilo ita sato, 'aloman to ko matahidangay a sofitay, cisalifong to sapilood, pasi'amis tahira i cepo'. ca Kafo'ok sato alacecay lolong to nicimeman a folo' pasitimol lalitemoh sa Dihif no Posilan (普西蘭山洞), 'araw han ko sofitay no Kuwaping mitamako ko mitamakoay to 'apiyan, midatok ko midatokay, cocococok han no kapah no Cepo' ca ka pakatakop ko sofitay no Kuwaping a millood teloteloc sa i riyar, o kapah no 'Amis ko ikakaay ko kafana' a midangoy, malowid heca no 'Amis ko Kuwaping.

Ci sowal sato ko kakita'an ci Mayaw Aping: manengneng to namo o finawlan, icowa konika pidah niyam o kapah no niyyaro'.

Reperen na Kafo'ok ko Kuwaping pasitimol, malalood i Odos, caay ka pahoda malowid to no kapah no 'Amis, itiya sato ira ko cecay mikalicay i 'efa a kakeridan no Kuwaping raperen ni Kafo'of koya ci'efaay, misorikor a mikowang matama ci kafo'ak mapatay,oya sato selal ni Kafo'ok ci Koic,ci Kacaw aci Foyan mareper koya ci'efay patayen nangra i kawali no Karodot.[14]

Sakakinatolo a lalood (第三次戰役)

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Yo kinatosa to a malowid ko Kuwaping a sofitay ,i 1877 miheca saka 12 folad saka12 romi'ad, ira to ko nani Kilongay nani Takaway a sofitay no Kuwaping malalitemoh i sawalian, itiraay i Cifotingan a malalood, latek ira ko tolo patek ko ka'aloman no sofitay, ci salifong heca, cato ka pakafilo ko 'Amis a milood to salifong no Kuwaping, orasak pasi'amis milimok pacalcal i Cilangasan.

Sowalen to no kakita'an ci Mayaw Aping ko kapah: caka ca ka pitoor ko ada, kapatireng kamo o kapah to pikacawan minengneng to demak no Kuwaping. oya sasafaay a selal kaitira kamo i salawacan no Tarawadaw a mingayaw mi'eteng to ada;ikakaay selal nonini ano maeneng namo ko sofitay no Kuwaping i semosemotan, pakaaikor kamo a micodah a mipatay to ada; o romaroma a selal mitaling to fokeloh i tongroh no lotok,ano ingata to ko sofitay no Kuwaping molien kora fokeloh han no kakitaan a palimoot ko kasaselal to tayal.o awaay ko tayal a selal i, midipot to malitemgay ato wawa.

Eneng han no Kuwaping ko pisafaloco' no 'Amis a tamdaw, caay ko mamalowid saan, orasaka cowa to ka cifaloco' to sakacakataw i lotok.

Mahadefek ko kapah no Cepo'( 清兵閉門屠殺阿美族人)

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Ira ko pinapina mihecaan i Cilangasan, ira ko Tangfolan a tamdaw hakerongen ningra ko mamimasasowal a Kuwaping tayra i kasasowalan ato 'Amis a tamdaw,cisowal sa ko Kuwaping lawidang sato kita cowa to kapilood kami saan. Hayi haw sa ko 'Amis a tamdaw a pakaso'elin to sowal no tao.I 'ayaw no nini i, padangen ho kami tayra i Folalacay a micoro' to felac ato dafong no sofitay, pakilacen to kamo to felac han no Kuwaping.

Naikooran no kapah no Cepo' tayra i Folalacay, taktaken no Kuwaping ko simal ato 'afet i polol.yo patatikor sato ko kapah nani Folalacay a micoro' to kaletengay a felac, o cahiw ato so'aw tangsol sa a mihayda micomod i polol, nawosaw cisimal kona polol saan maemin, itiiya to pala'edf (閉門)han no Kuwaping koya polol a micodah(火燒營房), pasalaloma'en ho no Kuwaping a mikowang(往內開槍), i 'a'ayaw o lamal ato kowang edengan pasiikor no polol a milaliw, nikawrira mapali'ayaw to a masanga' no Kuwaping ko talolongay kengken(營房後是事先挖掘的深溝), ila'eno nona kengkeng pafolo'en to macidemay(削尖的箭竹), macocok ko mihitefoay a polong a kapah no Cepo'. itiya sato i kamoniharan dengan to cecay ci Mayaw Tomom ko milaiway tayra i Cilangsan pasifana' to finawlan.

 
Saka 138 mihecaan piharatengan pakimad ci Safulo hakasi

Awaay ko fokeloh a tadem no Cipatelaway( 没有墓碑的英雄)

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Yo mahadefek a maselen a mapatay koya 165 ko tamdaw no 'Amis i napololan no Kuwaping i 1878 miheca saka 1 folad saka 23 romi'ad,sanoyanan han a pateli awaay ko milingwaay a misolimet, awa ko pateli to fokeloh i 'a'ayaw tona kahadefekan. Tahira to i ikor nona lalood to 117 ko kahalafin no mihecaan cowa ka ta'ongen a mingodo ko nikinafalah to tireng a midipot to niyaro' mipa'ading to finawlan. itiya toi 1995 miheca saka 4 folad satapangen ni Safulo hakasi mitahidang ko finawlan a miharateng toni demakan no Maya 'Eping i aikor no loma' ni Asui, patireng to tata'angay a fokeloh malapikiloma'an nona Cipatelaway a kapah.

To ikor to paifaloco' sato ko 'Amis a tamdaw midemak to sapiharatengaw tona lalood, matenak to koni demak mafana' to ko cimacima itira to ko kafana' no tamtamdaw toninian a demak, o Kuwaping ko micekilay tona lalood cowa ko 'Amis a tamdaw, o sakasaan no Kuwaping o sapi'afasaw to sera no 'Amis to sapipolongaw a mikowan to Taywan, orasaka, o " kakakowangan " han a pangangan koya sa'ayaway kacakatan no Kuwaping a milood to niyaro' no 'Amis i saka'amisan no Rokot, ta caay to katawal no taloc yo sanay no malitengay a pangangan tonini.

Oya nipatirengan a sapiharateng a fakoloh mapolin no faliyos, ano haen han cowa ka tatodong sato to finawlan, ira to kosowal to sapilinahaw a miliyaw a misongila' a patireng. Matahidang ko cikawasay no Tafalong a milicay tona to'as, ira sa ko pacawi nganra cowa ko mamalinah kami tona isa'ayawy nipatirengan namo a fokeloh saan,orasak, i 2023 miheca saka 4 folad saka 25 a romi'ad hakelongen ni Safulo ko papinapina a tamdaw misi'ayaw toya fokeloh a pasowal to sapilinahaw, Mihayi kona to'as, o nian to kosapilinah i 2023 miheca saka 5 folad saka 30 romi'ad patayra i ngata no kamaro'an nangra. Ira ko tapang no Citodongay to ponka no Kalinko kowan, o tomok ato kakita'an, ira ho ko kapah no Cawi' niyaro' ato Makotaay niyaro', 'aloman ko tayniay a mikapot tona tadamaanay a demak.Misafafoy kona tosa a niyaro' to sapakaen to to'as, o Tomok ko sa'ayaway a mi'ang'ang a pakaen,do'edo sa ci Safulo hakasi ko mi'ang'angay a pakaenay to to'as, o sowal to to'as matiniay:

Oy ! tadamaanay a to’as niyam ci Mayaw ‘epin kakitaan no niyaro’ , o mama no kapah ci Kafo’ok ato polong Cipatelaway no Cepo’ ,tayni kami a mita’ong, a mingodo i tamowanan, mita’ong kami to kaci’icel no namo a midipot to niyaro’, mipa’ading to finawlan, nikawrira mangodo maki to caka pakatoor to tayal namo.

Orasaka, I’ayaw no 27 miheca satapang sa kami a miharateng i tamowanan, patireng to cecay a ‘ongcoy malokaitiraan namo. Anini sato mipalemed a pasifana’ kamo itini to kami tona fokeloh kalaloma’ han to niyam saan kamo. Orasaka, rinahen niyam kona nikiloma’an namo a fakeloh tayra I ngata no kaitiraan nano, ta fangcal to ko foti’ rihaday to ko pahanhan nano.

Ikor to no nini a demak, haenen to kami a midipot a mipa’ading ta awa ko masamaanay no miyam, awa ko malitiihay no tiring niyam, fangacal ko kacemahad no niyaro’ niyam, fangcal ko tayal no polong o teloc namo.

Oy ! o tadamaanay a to’as ato Cipatelawaya a kapah no ‘Amis a tamdaw, kakomaen to toni painian niyam a ‘epah, kakomaen to kina sapato’aya niyam a titi, o ‘osaw haniyam sato. Aray!!

Maforaw ko finawlan no lalood(民族大移動)

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Yo malepon sato kona lalood, sa'aloman sato ko Payrang a tayni a mi'eco to omah ato sera no 'Amis,

Misanga' to sapiharateng a ika(拍攝紀錄片)

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Pacefaday a tilid (註腳)

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  1. 蔡中涵編著:「Ono 'Amis a pinengneng to " Lalood i Cepo' "---大港口戢役的阿美族觀點」。 財團法人台灣原民文教基金會,2022.08,27
  2. 蔡中涵編著前揭書,第2頁。
  3. 蔡中涵編著前揭書,第3 頁。
  4. 蔡中涵編著前揭書,第4頁。
  5. <台灣原住民教授學會>
  6. 蔡中涵編著前揭書,第4-5頁。
  7. 蔡中涵編著前揭書,第5頁。
  8. 蔡中涵編著前揭書,第6頁。
  9. o pakimad no malitengay no Makotaay ci Tangay,《O no 'Amis a tamdaw a kimad》4, 1990 miheca 55 felih.
  10. 《O no 'Amis a tamdaw a kimad》4, 1990 miheca ,saka 38 felih, o pakimad no kakitaan no Makotaay ci Lekar Makor.i 1915 sofocen.
  11. 潘繼道論文<光緒初年臺灣後山中路阿美族抗清事件之研究> 蔡中涵編著:「Ono 'Amis a pinengneng to " Lalood i Cepo' "---大港口戢役的阿美族觀點」。第92-93 頁。 財團法人台灣原民文教基金會,2022.08,27
  12. 蔡中涵編著前揭書,頁53-54。
  13. 林江義碩論。「台灣東海岸馬卡道族在抗清事件的角色」。收錄在蔡中涵編著《Ono 'Amis a pinengneng to " Lalood i Cepo'》--大港口戰役的阿美族觀點。頁79-82。
  14. André Bareights,『o no ’Amis a tamdaw a kimad』4,Hualien,Fengpin,1990. 68 felih.