Maori tamdaw

Maori tamdaw毛利人

Maori (Māori) a finacadan, o Yincumin no Niwsilan, o nano Polinisiyan tamdaw to Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan. Na o awaayay ko tilid no sowal, 1840 mihecaan miteka nai Latin a tilid ko malo tilid no sowal no finacadan, o pakayraan to pitoor o adihayay kawakawas. “Maori” sanay sowal i o “tada” ato “tada tamdaw” o sanay, itiya iropiya a tamdaw micomod i Niwsilan, mahaenay to o Maori tamdaw sanay. Roma a finacadan pipangangan “Masamo’ay (Pakeha) tamdaw” o sanay. ’alomanay a mikadkaday ato mikingkiway to likisi o Maori a fanacadan o nai Koke a kanatal ato Polinisiya a tayniay. Roma a mikingkiway Maori a finacadan ato Notimolan kalokanatal a finacadan a lalowadan nai saka’amis nga’ay doedoen saetip no Taypinyang a Taywan[5], no Maori a sowal, ponka ato lecok no to’as a pisaloma’ ato ’Amisi finacadan a yincumin no Taywan malecaday, sakiponka ’adihay malalenay[6]. Anini Maori a tamdaw ira ko 70 ’ofad ko tamdaw, i Niwsilan 62 ’ofad[7], Autaliya 12.6 ’ofad[1], Inkilis 8 cicing tamdaw[2]., Amilika ato Kanata ira ko 4 cicing ko tamdaw.

O Maori a sowal ko sasowal no Niwsilan kitakit.

Ponka 文化

Maori tamdaw I ’ayaw no 18 sici ’aloman ko mafolaway nai Inkilis, o Maori a tamdaw o maomahay, mifotingay, mi’adopay, mipitpitay. Ponka no Maori o ponka no Niwsilan, pahapinang i citiliday tireng, sapilalood a kero, piitemek no pinasanga’, mafana’ mito’to’, mitenooy, pito’to halo kilang, fokeloh, o masado’esay ko Maori to sakiarawan.

Rikec no niyaro’: saopo no Maori ko parana’an.

O lekakawa no Maori, ano pataloma’ayto, kalalood, pakayraanto, o laloma’an ko pidoedoan no demak. Kasa niyaro’ ira ko nipatirengan a “Pa” hananay, todongay pakacawan a polol, lotok to, taporo to, tanektek ko katomirengan. Nawhani, caay pitolas ka ira no kalalood, adihay ko “Pa” hananay pikacawan, piki’adingan a polol, saka rihaday madama ko niyaro’. Mahaenay a ’imeceday a pisimawan, iraay to i to’asan no Maori i Polinisiya a ’orip itiya, masiroma to “Pa” no Niwsilan a nipatirengan a kalifotan, tata’ang a dadahal.

Lekakawa no Maori ira ko kasaselal no rikec, masiiked o fodawan ngasaw, finawlan ato palakolongan. Samulay ato kakeridan o fadawan a tamdaw, ci sakowan cangra, mikowan to kalodemak no niyaro’. Pakayni i kacilosid, matiliday a pising ko kasasiroma no selal. Fadawan a ngasaw tomeli’ay ko kacilosid, citodong to sakangayaw. No malakolongay tamdaw ikalaloodan a marofoay tamdaw, midemak ciira to malakolongay tayal, ira sa ko lisin a lekakawa malosapacakat. Masowalay i, o kacitilid no Maori tamdaw.

Misakilangay ato tanokamayay ko demak saheto o tadamaanay ko kasofocan a ’orip, o finacadan ko pahafayay to saka’orip. Sakipitoor, adihayay ko kawakawas no Maori tamdaw, nika paso’elin cangra ira ko cecay a Kawas (Io Matua Kore), onini caay ka lecad to roma a finawlan no kanatal iTaypingyan, orasaka ikor nangra rahodayto milayap to cecayay Kawas no Kiristokiw. Onian ko nai 19 sici tangasa anini, saka adihay ko Maori a tamdaw mipaso’elinay to Keristokiw. Maori a tamdaw i ’ayaw no kalaloodan makero to sapilifet patalaw a kero to “Haka”. Oni a haka pahapinang to ’icel to sapisi’ayaw patalaw ato pilaplap to ’ada.

I notimolan kaetip no hekal ira ko cecay a fafahiyan pakanengneng to kangdaway odo’, o sowal nangra “damihemih” (Pounamu). Onian o nengneng no Maori tamdaw o tadamaanay hasa pisanga’ to no tamdawan a kido, mimingay losidan, sapilood , onian damihemih ko sapisanga’.

Kakaenen 食物

O kakaenen nangra nai kanatalay a konga, tali, kisiyafa a dateg. Maoli tamdaw miala to fafoy, Waco, korafaw. Ikor kolafaw komaen to ’ayam no Niwsilan. Maori tamdaw o nikaenan nangra o kalang, ’afar, toda no riyar kakaenen (nika nialaan naira a kaciherangan a sapaloma caay kalengaw, nanoya komaen to cangra to kong a ’ayam.)

O taitiya:ay a kimad 神話

Away ko tilid no Maori tamdaw, iti:ya ho o nai sowal ko pirayray, halo radiw, tinako a kimad ato angki a radiw. 19 sici micomod ko patenakay no Keristokiw misanga’ to tilid no Maori, orasaka adihayay a kimad no itiya:ay, rocok a kimad matiliday mahopeday. O sakidemak no Maori tamdaw i niyaro’ a todong mi’edaw, pipaso’elin ato no hekalan pinengneng mapatirengay i salaloma’an no itiya:yaay a kimad, oni a kimad pirocok nai Polinisiya ko sakaira, i fa^elohay a liyok mafalicay ato mapacomahad[8].

Maori tamdaw o niyaro’ ko todong no pakayraan, saki to’as no niyaro’ tadakangodoen, mararid mipasadak to itiya:ay a kimad nai pinasanga’ay, tinako karayan, fali ato riyar[9]. O kimad no Maori a tamdaw caay ko mahoracay a kimad, itini i pinasanga’ manengneng ko salo’afang nangra, orasaka kimad no Maori malecaday i pinasanga’an.

O kimad no Maori kafangafangan romi’ad masiked i misanga’ay to hakal a kimad,Mawyi a kimad, Tafoki kimad toloay, saki tamdaw o kawas malakawasay tamdaw, mafalic malatamdaw, o nikafana’ no tamdaw nai kimad kafafalifalican a mapahapinang, malahad. pisanga’ to hakal a kimad o nano hekal a fitaol (inkilis: world egg). [10]

Pisanga’ to hakal a kimad 創世神話

Caayho kafohat ko kakarayan ato hekal, to’emanay ho, o sowal no Maori o sarakatay a sici: o horac. Ira ko cecau romi’ad, kakarayan a wama ci Rangi (inkilis: Rangi and Papa) ato sra a ina ci Papa (Rangi and Papa) tapielal to, sarakatay mararamoday no pinasanga’. Mapatakecay cangra tatosa, milenak to sakaci’icel no pinasanga’ a ’orip, papitoay ko wawa nangra:

1. Lolotokan kawas ci Tani Mahota (inkilis: Tāne Mahuta).

2. Fali kawas ci Tawhirimatia (inkilis: Tāwhirimātea).

3. Riyar kawas ci Tangaroa (inkilis: Tangaroa).

4. Kalalood kawas ci Tomataoenga (inkilis: Tūmatauenga).

5. Halinga’ay kawas ci Rongo (inkilis: Rongo).

6. Pinalengaw kawas ci Haomia Tiketike (inkilis: Haumia-tiketike).

7. Macelal kawas ci Roaomoko (inkilis: Rūaumoko).

Mato’as to koya papitoay wawa na kakarayan a wama ato sra a ina i, nawhani halafin ko piingir i pi’afofo no mama ato ina, ira ko kalangiwngiwan nangra a wawa. Oya Kalalood kawas, Lolotokan kawas, Riyar kawas mipalaliyas to mama ato ina,

Fali a kawas miliyang mi’odangay a demak, oya Halinga’ay kawas, Pinalengaw kawas, Macelal kawas awaay ko sowal. Palaliyasen ko mama ato ina sanay toloay kawas mipasadak to kalo’icel naira, manengneng no ko pi’odang to mama ato ina a Fali a kawas samatiya sa o marofirofay a foteli’,talifahal sa ci ta’angay fali ato ’orad, mapeleng mapeci’ to kakarayan ato sra, nanoya ranikay sato malaliyas ko mama ato ina. Mataelif ko romi’ad mapidah to ko Fali a kawas, nakay sato a tayra i ci mamaan kakarayan. Nanoyaan mama kakarayan ato ina sra sasiiked sato, mararaay ko sasitapal, mararom caira tamangic to kacilosa’ mala ta’angay riyar.

Kalokawas a teloc 諸神的後裔

Lolotok kawas palaliyas to mama kakarayan ato ina sra, pakayni ’icel nira o kilang rengos losay ato fafaoan mapaini to nga’ay ’orip, malengaw ko maamaan a pinalengaw i pinasanga’, manga’ay i ’afofo no ina a sra Papa miala to sota’, mimi’mi’ palatamdaw to fafahiyan, pangangan ihan ci Hineahuone han. Mararamod ci Lolotok kawas ato cingra, ci wawa to fafahiya, panganganen nangra ci Hinetitama I han, o Kanikaran a wawa to fafahiyan (Dawnmaid).

Mato’as to ci Kanikaran, Lolotok kawas patelac ko faloco’ nira to wawa to fafahiyan, papikotayen nira ko ina. Na mafana’ tonini a demak ci Kanikaran wawa a fafahiyan tonian tadakakangodoen cingra, limok sato i lalinik to’emanay sra, mifalic to ngangan ci Hini-noi-te-po’ (inkilis: Hine-nui-te-pō) , mala mapatayay kawas a fafahiyan (Godess of Death), nanoya kanikaran nai wali masadak, piliyawan matefo i kaetip. Riyar kawas mikowan to i lalinikay no riyar a foting, ’afar, kalang, kafos a ma’oripay. Halinga’ay kawas cimikowanay to polong no pipaloma, tadamaan o konga (o kakaenen no Maori koni), mapangangan to kanga a kawas. Pinalengaw kawas citodong mikowanay to kalopinalengaw. Fali kawas mikowan to pinasanga’ a fali ato foteli’, nawhani sakidemak no Kalalood kawas to ecaay kangodo to mato’asay maketeray cira, ocoren nira ko wawawawa palesifo’ to fali ato ’orad papisi’ayaw to Kalalood kawas milifet.

Macelal kawas malamikowanay to lonen a cikawasay, o sowal milimekay ’orip a kanikaran a wawa to fafahiyan malafafahi no Macelalay kawas, cangra mararamod mipatihi to sra a ina, o ’icel no macelal ko sapadiheko to sra a ina, to’emanay a fafahiyan ko sapakafoti’ to sra ina.

Lalengawan no tamdaw 人類起源

Pakanengneng ko Kalalood kawas malamikowanay to ko salikaka i, ci teloc to, dengan to o niya ko awaayay. Ira ko cecay romi’ad, itira i lotokan malitemoh ko nano saran fafahiya ci Niyafoanni, mafana’ to nifahekolan no Lolotok a kawas, mapakasowal a malafafahi to nira. Maka’intelan no saran fafahiya ko Lolotok a kawas nao kakapah no nikaran fafahiyan makinafahekol, cifaloco’ay to saco’ay, mihayda to pitapi’ no Kalalood kawas, ciwawa caira to pinapina a wawa, oya tamdaw anini.

Paso’elin ko Maori a tamdaw to wawa ni kakarayan a wama ato sra a ina, dengan o wawa ni Kalalood kawas ko saki^emelay ato tadamafana’ay, nahani caira ko mafana’ay mifoting mi’adop, maomah paloma, ci’icel to saka’orip, nikaorira midotoc to halilalooday pinangan, sakacaay pitolas ko fangafang no tamdamdaw.

Ira ko cecay romi’ad, mafahekaay a malitosaay tamdaw kawas ci Mawyi pasipatay a kawas a fafahiyan milengat to lalood, itiya miteka milaliw to sakapatayaw. [11]

Likisi 歷史

Itiya:ayho a kimad 傳說

O itiya:ayho a kimad no Maori tamdaw i, ci Kopi ko sarakatay a miletepay i Niwsilan.

Masawalay a demak. 記事

Sa’ayaway, dengan o tamdaw no kanatal ko tayraay i Auteyalowa ko mi’adopay to kong a ’ayam, matodoh caira to loloyokan a mi’adop, nanoya ikor no 100 mihecaan, na pakanengneng ko Iropiya tamdaw i, malahedaway to koya kong a ’ayam.

Salongan 1280 mihecaan, ira ko 7ay a teptep a tamina, nai timolay kanatal no Taypinyang, lahecadsa tayni i Auteyalowa. Onini o sa’ayaway mihalakaan a kafolaw, naitira to 200 mihecaan, matatooray ko kafolaw, o Maori tamdaw misitapang i na’amisan ato notimolan kasapala a kanatal a paloma’. Pinapina to a semo’ot no mihacaan, comahad ko marikecay a niyaro’ no Maori tamdaw, kasaselal rikec, ato takaraway sakiarawan. ’Ayaw no nika tayni no ^etipay a sakacakat i, o no naira o Maori tamdaw ko nilecokan lekakawa ko ni’oripan. Roma caay ka lecad to pinapina a kitakit ko pipenec, ato saka pisaroma to caayay ka ’aloman finacadan, saka adihay ko pasadak to sowal no Maori tamdaw i Nisilan, masongila’ ko pihoped to ponka, o sowal no Maori mihayda ko rikec no kitakit no Niwsilan. Ano matirati:ra aca, aniniay sowal no Maori malitemoh ko katalawan a pipakalawac (paklatawa) no kohecalay tamdaw i Niwsilan, nawhani caay ka litosa ko Maori tamdaw somowalay to Maori saki’orip to romi’adan, alomanay tamdaw caay to kafana’ to sowal no Maori.

Tadamaanay demak 重大事件

1835 “Pacecay sowa to misiiked no Niwsilan”. 1835《紐西蘭獨立宣言》

Ikor no 18 sici, o Inkilis nai Sinnanwils kafolawan miocor to mi’isoay a mifotingay pasayra i Niwsilan a mifoting to lokedaw no riyar ato ’iso, kalosapili’aca. 1791 miheca ci Wilian aci Ann (William and Ann, I wanglo) tangasa i Niwsilan, misitapang madadoedo tayni ko mifotingay ngata a riyar mifotingay. Matiniay talahekal ko mifotingay midemak to sasimalen ato ’okak no ’iso, masasi’aca caira to Maori tamdaw, paherek i miliyas to.

Ikor tadamaanay no Niwsilan a dangka ato kilang manengneng no miliwalay tamdaw, macakat talahekal a papisanga’ to fafahiyan noo Maori to saso’ot, mimingay ko pa^etan pakatayal o malatakaraway ko pali’aca no dafong. Kadadoedo to katalahekal no tamdaw ira ko tintosi, singsi, tapatapng, ato misahinamay, palonanay, ato molataw. Sasifosifod sako katayni no nga’ayay tatiihay a taniay kalo  sakaforifor no Maori, micomodto ko sakadenga a malifong ato sakangayaw a kowang.

Mapadenga to lifong ko Maoro sakalowan no tamdaw, tayniay ko papotalay tamdaw miliyad to ’aca no sra saka ciloma’ a maro’. Nano caay ko no Inkilis a micingcingan ko Niwsilan, nikawrira papakoniranira sa ko ka’a’isa’is tatoso, paocoren no Inkilis kitakit ci Camis Paspi (James Busby) malamikowanay i Niwsilan. 1833 miheca 5 folad 5 romi’ad tangasa i Niwsilan ci Paspi. [12]

1840 “Waitangi tatoneken”. 1840《懷唐伊條約》

Ona“Waitangi tatoneken” roma sowal o “Watangi” han i 1840 miheca 2 folad 6 romi’ad, o Maori tamdaw ato Inkilis taypiaw, i no ’amisan kanatal no Niwsilan saka wali ’amis sa’akong pala (Bay of Islands) a Waitangi a masasitelek.

O katatelek toloay ko toliken, no Inkilis mamoko’ay a sepat tolik.

Saka cecay, Citodongay mikowan paliyasen ko hongti no Inkilis.

Saka tosa, Tatakosan o cacisra, loma’, lolotok, pifotingan ato payso a pikowan.

Saka tolo, I ’ayaw ko hongti no Inkilis mi’aca to sra a sakowan.

Saka sepat, Yincumin ato Inkilis a finawlan malalen miraoy to salongoc.

O Waitangi tatoneken hadoc no tilid o Inkilis ko misilsilay, ikor pala no Maori a tilid. Laloma’an hadoc no tilid to Inkilis ato Maori a tilid masasiromaay. Tinako saka cecay no Inkilis a “sovereignty”(todong mikowan) a tilid, i Maori a tilidan “kawanatanga”(sapikowan) sa a maceror ko tadongan. Orasaka i tatakosan no Maori tonian a sitatelek o “papikowan to riwang hongti no Inkilis” sanay caay ko ro’it paliyas pafeli to sakowan. Onian a tatelek adihay ko matiniay a milinikay a pihongyako, saka caay to ko malalenay ko kasasitelek tatosa. [13]

1850 mihecaan “hongti a onto” 1850年代「國王運動」

1846 miheca tangasa 1853 mihecaan, Inkilis a tamdaw pakayni i “Waitangi tatoneken” mili’ayaw mi’aca to sra a salongoc,miliyad to ’aca misadadahal to sra no Niwsilan.

1853 mihecaan, miliyang pa’aca to Inkilis tamdaw (anti-land selling) a tatakosan no Maori, o sapidipotaw to sra miparakomod ci Potatao Te Weroheroan (Inkilis: Pōtatau Te Wherowhero) palasa’ayaway hongti no Maori. Oni a hongti i Waikato a mapatireng. Ikor no tosa miheca mapatay, o wawa ko mirocokay mala hongti.

’Arawhani kamatini no Maori tamdaw a marikec mala kalongocan no Inkilis tamdaw, misahalaka ko Inkilis to sakalalood no Waikato (Inkilis: Invasion of the Waikato) sapisekong to hongti a onto. [14]

Tadamaanay tamdaw 知名人物

1. Nanaia Mahuta: aniniay kakeridan a saipotay po.

2. Wenston Pitiro (Winston Peters): ’ayaway kakeridan a saipotay po.

3. Wali Penitito (Wally Penetito): singsi no kiwyiko i Wyilinton Witoliya daykak no Niwsilan.

4. Tuheitia Potatau Te Wherowhero saka pito: hongti no kitakit no Maori tamdaw.

5. Calum Hood: limaayto ko temik tangasa kaciherangan (5 seconds of summer) pays, nao Maori ato

Sokelan a camel.

6. Yohani Tamihere: ono sici tamdaw no Niwsilan, 2019 miheca 10 folad mikihatiya to Aukelan a ciciw.

7. Cili Te Kanawa: tadamaanay maradiway fafahiya i karomadiwan.

8. Maisey Rika: maradiway fafahiyan.

Sakaira no tilid 資料來源

1.Hamer, Paul. One in Six? The Rapid Growth of the Māori Population in Australia (PDF). New Zealand Population Review. 2008, 33/34: 153–176 [19 May 2012]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2013-11-12）.

2.Walrond, Carl. Māori overseas. Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. 4 March 2009 [7 December

2010]. （原始內容存檔於2010-12-06）.

3.New Zealand-born figures from the 2000 U.S. Census; maximum figure represents sum of "Native Hawaiian and Other

Pacific Islander" and people of mixed race. United States Census Bureau (2003).Census 2000 Foreign-Born Profiles (STP-159): Country of Birth: New ZealandPDF (103 KB). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau.

4.Statistics Canada (2003).(232), Sex (3) and Single and Multiple Responses (3) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census – 20% Sample Data （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, Cat. No. 97F0010XCB2001001.

5.從毛利人來自台灣的新聞談南島民族的遷徙史. [2019-10-18]. （原始內容存檔於2019-10-18）.

6.踩到花蓮海水落淚 毛利人領袖：來台有如靈魂之旅. [2019-10-18]. （原始內容存檔於2019-10-18）.

7.Statistics New Zealand. QuickStats About Māori. [7 August 2010]. （原始內容存檔於2013-09-21）.

8.Biggs, Bruce. The Complete English-Maori Dictionary. Auckland University Press. 2012: 447–448. ISBN 978-1869400576.

9.張, 瀞文; 繆, 靜芬; 李, 根芳. 紐西蘭. 台北: 台英雜誌. 2003: 31. ISBN 9576321948.

10.Porselvi, P. Mary Vidya. Nature, Culture and Gender: Re-reading the folktale. Routledge India. 2016: 69.

11.林, 爽. 紐西蘭的原住民. 台北市: 世界華文作家出版社. 1998: 26~34. ISBN 957-98538-2-7.

12.蔡芬芬. 紐西蘭毛利人的主權. 台灣原住民族研究學報. 2012, 第2卷 (第4期): 65–86.

13.Ian Hugh Kawharu. Waitangi: Māori & Pākehā Perspectives of the Treaty of Waitangi. Auckland: Oxford University Press. 1989. ISBN 9780195581751.

14.李龍華. 紐西蘭史：白雲仙境.世外桃源. 台北市: 三民. 2005. ISBN 9571441643.

hapinangan (參考文獻)

毛利人