Monaco
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Monaco (摩納哥) mikawit
Monaco kitakit mikawit
(France: Principauté de Monaco; Monaco sowal: Principatu de Múnegu; Oak sowal: Principat de Mónegue), roma sowal Monaco hongti kitakit, Monaco, o cecay i kaetipay no Europe ato katimolay Europe a lekatep niyaro’. I katimolay no France ko Monaco, mililisay to riyar no Tenokay riyar, o ka’amis, kaetip, kawali o France ko mitaliyokay, o nano katelangay a niyaro’ ato ikoray nipatirengan liyok a malakapot. O sa’adihayay ko tamdaw i hekala kitakit, o mimingay a kitakit ato lekatep ko Monaco, o kicay militado to nai Monte Carlo Casino ato mirarakatay ko sakaira no kicay. O Monaco o Hontian Rikec a kitakit, sawara'an o hongti no Monaco. I ’ayaw Monaco caay pilisata to finawlan a kitakit ko Monaco, o pilaliwan to sata a kakarayan a han ko pangangan.
Likisi (歷史) mikawit
Monaco a ngangan no niyaro’ nai ’ayaway ni Yis to 6 sici-Monoico (Monoikos). Midotoc to no kawasan sowal no Greece, kasasowalen ta’akay tamdaw ci Hercules micafer itini, orasaka o Fox tamdaw itini patireng to samiyay pipacakatan ni Hercules, sacisowal sa “Monoikos” (Greece sowal: Μόνοικος, misikeday a loma’ ano eca pipacakatang to kawas), nanoya malangangan to no itiniay.
Monaco i 1215 miheca miliyaw mala no Genoa micingcingan a mapatireng. Nai 1297 miheca, tona Francois Grimaldi misimed to tiring mala no Franciscan a monk (I Itali a sowal monaco) micingcing midipot toya fokeloh piki’adingan, Monaco itira sa i Grimaldi a mikowanay a loma’, dengan i 1793 miheca tangasa 1814 miheca, masa’et ni Napoleon saka cecay hongti a kitakit ko Monaco. I 1815 miheca tangasa 1860 miheca, Vienna lomaocan mitoro’ to Monaco o Sardinia hongti kitakit (ikor mala no Italia hongti kitakit) a midipotan kitakit, tangasa i 1861 miheca, Monaco a salongoc pakayni i France- Monaco tatonekan mapasongila’.
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I 1911 miheca ’ayaw saka cecay kimpo mapasadak mihapiw, o hongti no Monaco o satakaraway a mikowanay itiya. I 1918 miheca 7 folad, masasitilid to cecay a tatonekan, tatonekan midotoc to no France saka tolo nikapolongan kitakit i Monaco tatodong midipot. Onini a tatonekan matilid i “Versailles kakaketonan”, o Monaco a dademaken midoedo to no France a sici, sofitay ato kicay a kinaira mipatodong. I 1919 miheca milecad to France masasitilid to tatonekan midoedo, ano ira ko tatapangan no kitakit a mapatay awaay ko fainayan a teloc, o Monaco micamol to France. Tasaay kitakit i 2002 miheca miliyaw to fa^elohay a tatonekan, tona awaay ko mamidotoc to tapang no kitakit, o Monaco oyana to misiikeday kitakit, o France midoedo padamso to sapitena’. Saka 2 kalaloodan no hekal i 1940 miheca 6 folad France ikor no kapidah o Italia citodong to France Italy la’ed a sa’etal, masasi’ingir ko Monaco ato Italy. I 1942 miheca 11 folad, nawhani o lekatep a sofitay micalap to ka’amisay Africa, o Monaco macingcing no sofitay no Italy ko Monaco, i 1943 miheca katapi’an no Italy miliyas to Monaco. I 1944 miheca o lekatep sofitay mipalowad to Monaco.
Rainier saka tolo hongti i 1949 miheca nai akong ci Louis saka tosa mapatay midotoc to kalahongti. I 1962 miheca mihapiw to cecay fa^elohay kimpo, mapalasawad to pipatay a tofoc, midama to sakanga’ay no fafahiyan misingkiw, patireng to satakaraway hoying mipatodong to sapakonira notamdaw. I 1993 miheca, Monaco malakapot to Linhoko, citodong to sapisingkiw a salngoc.
I 2005 miheca 3 folad 31 romi’ad, nawhani ci Rainier saka tolo hongti halafin ko kafoti’ to adada, o wawa ci Albert miteka citodong to sadama to dademaken. I 2005 miheca 4 folad 6 romi’ad Rainier hongti mapatay, ci Albert midotoc, mala Albert saka tosa. Ci Albert saka tosa i 2005 miheca 7 folad 12 romi’ad malaheci ko kalamikowanay to Monaco, o katomireng ningra a kacitodongan itira i pidemakan to mama ci Rainier saka tolo hongti a kiwkay. Kinatosaay ko pipatirengan cingraan, o cecay i 2005 miheca 11 folad 9 romi’ad midemak.
Sici (政治) mikawit
Aniniay Monaco nao hongti no Monaco ci Albert saka tosa ko mikowanay, o cecay Hontian Rikec a kitakit.
Monaco nai 1911 mihecaan midemak to Hontian Rikec, o hongti ko tatapangan no kitakit. O citodongay midemakay nao laloma’an nokitakit ko mikeriday to sepatay a wiyyinhuy no sifo. Kakeridan no laloma’an o hongti nai France sifo patorodan a mipili’an to cacitodong. Midotoc to 1962 mihecaan kimpo nitonekan, citodongay kakeridan ato cecayay ko pikaykian faco no kitakit kalomaocan (Monaco lomaocan) a la’isal a ’icel. Oni a pirikecan citodongay 24 ko tamdaw pakayni to nisingkiwan a ngangan, 5 miheca ko rekad.
I kasaniyaro’ a dademaken o kapolongan kalomaocan ko mikowanay no Monaco. Kapolongan kalomaocan ira ko 15 a nisingkiwan tamdaw malakapot, o siciciw ko mikeriday to saopo.
Palapalaan (地理) mikawit
Saka’amisan no tenokay riyar ko Monaco, ma’ekakay farawfaw ko romi’ad, macidal to mihecaan, o nano tenokay riyar ko romi’ad. Polong no kitakit maliyokay no France ko kawali katimol a riyar to nano Alps kanatal, paseraan kawali kaetip karaya’ 3,500 cm, saromotay 200 m, o dadahal 208 kongcin (2.08 pinfang kongli, i safa no kongyin no New York ko kamiming), polong no hekal sakatosa mimingay kitakit, samimingay a kaying no Linhoko, limaay to cecay o niselenan misadadahal to sera ko riyar, mapatirengm ko madapicay rarakatan a tamina-Fontvieille minato ato Hekule minato. Liyok no Monaco awaay ko ’alo ato ta’akay fanaw, takaraw no lotok 164.4cm, i masa’apilisay sera.
Kafafalifalic no romi’ad (氣候) mikawit
O nano Tenokay riyar ko romi’ad no Monaco (misiked to romi’ad: Csa), nano riyar a romi’ad (Cfb) ato fa’edet so’emetay romi’ad (Cfa), kaciherangan falawfaway fo’edasay, kasienawan lietec kala’orar[1]. Kamoko’ ko romi’ad no kaciherangan, herek no lahok caay ka faedet (mahemhem caay kataelif ko 30˚C), nawhani caay pitolas ko no riyar a fali, mahemhem ko romi’ad. Oroma sato, nahani kaciherangan a hemhem no riyar takaraw, saka o dadaya maso^emetay. Ta, kaciherangan caay ka isafa no 20˚C. kasienawan talifahalan ci koli ato matefad ko so^eda, mo^etep miheca kinacecay tosa matefo[2] [3] I 2018 miheca 2 folad 27 romi’ad, Monaco ato Monte Carlo matefad ko so^eda itiya.[4]
| Monaco（salongan sa’osi 1981–2010, masasiromaay sa’osi 1966–anini） [papolong] | |||||||||||||
| Folad | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Mihecaan |
| Likisi ’akawan farawfaw °C（°F） | 19.9
(67.8) |
23.2
(73.8) |
25.6
(78.1) |
26.2
(79.2) |
30.3
(86.5) |
32.5
(90.5) |
34.4
(93.9) |
34.5
(94.1) |
33.1
(91.6) |
29.0
(84.2) |
25.0
(77.0) |
22.3
(72.1) |
34.5
(94.1) |
| Salongan
farawfaw °C（°F） |
13.0
(55.4) |
13.0
(55.4) |
14.9
(58.8) |
16.7
(62.1) |
20.4
(68.7) |
23.7
(74.7) |
26.6
(79.9) |
26.9
(80.4) |
24.0
(75.2) |
20.6
(69.1) |
16.5
(61.7) |
13.9
(57.0) |
19.2
(66.6) |
| Romi’ad farawfaw °C（°F） | 10.2
(50.4) |
10.2
(50.4) |
12.0
(53.6) |
13.8
(56.8) |
17.5
(63.5) |
20.9
(69.6) |
23.8
(74.8) |
24.2
(75.6) |
21.1
(70.0) |
17.9
(64.2) |
13.8
(56.8) |
11.2
(52.2) |
16.4
(61.5) |
| Salongan
Tefaday Farawfaw °C (°F） |
7.4
(45.3) |
7.4
(45.3) |
9.1
(48.4) |
10.9
(51.6) |
14.6
(58.3) |
18.0
(64.4) |
21.0
(69.8) |
21.4
(70.5) |
18.3
(64.9) |
15.2
(59.4) |
11.2
(52.2) |
8.5
(47.3) |
13.6
(56.5) |
| Likisi Tefaday
Farawfaw °C（°F） |
−3.1
(26.4) |
−5.2
(22.6) |
−3.1
(26.4) |
3.8
(38.8) |
7.5
(45.5) |
9.0
(48.2) |
10.5
(50.9) |
12.4
(54.3) |
10.5
(50.9) |
6.5
(43.7) |
1.6
(34.9) |
−1.0
(30.2) |
−5.2
(22.6) |
| Salongan
ka’orad mm（in） |
67.7
(2.67) |
48.4
(1.91) |
41.2
(1.62) |
71.3
(2.81) |
49.0
(1.93) |
32.6
(1.28) |
13.7
(0.54) |
26.5
(1.04) |
72.5
(2.85) |
128.7
(5.07) |
103.2
(4.06) |
88.8
(3.50) |
743.6
(29.28) |
| Salongan
katefad romi’ad （≥ 1.0 mm） |
6.0 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 7.3 | 5.5 | 4.1 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 5.1 | 7.3 | 7.1 | 6.5 | 62.4 |
| Folad romi’ad toki | 149.8 | 158.9 | 185.5 | 210.0 | 248.1 | 281.1 | 329.3 | 296.7 | 224.7 | 199.0 | 155.2 | 136.5 | 2,574.7 |
| Pakayraan sa’osi 1：Météo France[5] | |||||||||||||
| Pakayraan sa’osi 2：Monaco website (sun only)[6] | |||||||||||||
Kicay (經濟) mikawit
O sakaira no micomoday no Monaco o mirarakatay; mihecaan aloman ko tamdaw masolotay no Monaco tayni i casino mipakiyaw ato kanga’ay no romi’ad. I 2001 miheca, fa^elohay patirengan masadadahal tominato, malopikateran no mirarakatay tamina. Itiya comahad to kicay no Monaco, nai pipakiyaw, pirarakat ato kinko a katayalan, o kitakit sai patadoay ato mimingay demak, ’akawangay ko sadopoc, awaay ko mikaditay kikayan a kasasiroma no pikalali’acaan saka cowat.
Caay pisateked ko sifo milisata to tamdaw. Nawhani caay ka’alman ko tamdaw no kitakit, adihayay to sakikapolongan tekedan no sifo citodong, halo yofingkyok, tingwa a patado. Anini tingwa no Monaco o Tatong tingpokyok ko citodongay to 49% masa’isal, sifo cisa’isal to 45%, ira ho ko kingko no Monaco (Compagnie Monégasque de Banque) citodong to 6% sa’isal. Takaraw ko saki’orip no Monaco, matiya to ingataay tokay no France.
Awaay ko no tekedan a sata a demak masolot ko alomanay tamdaw a sapiliyasan to pilisata a cidafongay malinah tayni, saheto o Europe kitakit a tamdaw, pakayra i papotalay no Monaco a cisiya ko sakapili’etan to micomoday; tadamaanay tamdaw pakayni i F1 kalalifet no tosiya masolot ko alomanay minengneng, nikawrira alomanay mali’acaay tamdaw ko malinahay. I 1865 miheca patireng to Monte Carlo casino saka comahad nai pakoyocay malacidafongay to a kitakit.
Caay ko cefang no Europe lekatep ko Monaco, nikawrira pakayni i France a kalisata a lekatep ko pihakitiya to France no payso-Europeyin. O Monaco ato Europe lekatep ira ko masasiketay a calay. Monaco citodong to misanga’ay to payci no Europe, i payci no kitakit mapatodong ko pisafaco no Monaco a salongoc.
Polong no cikiw samatekesay loma’ itini i kafekang no Agel lotok mapatireng ko ta’akay La Villa a loma’, o kaitira patireng pala, talacowa 158 pinfang cm ko dadahal, nika misi’ayaw to katimolay no France riyar a tataparan, mala o samakapahay a tataparan a loma’, o ni a loma’ i 2017 mihecaan 2.56 walwalan Amilika payso ko pipa’aca, kasacecay no pinfang cm 162 ’ofad Amilika payso ko ’aca nira.
Karomatan lalan (交通) mikawit
Awaay ko kasakitakit hikokiciw no Monaco, palinata i Nice langdaway riyar a hikokiciw (Aéroport Nice Côte d'Azur). Nai hikokiciw tangasa i Monaco maci midakaw to Nice faso 110 calay (pahiceraan o MENTON), tatenokan no Nice maci ira ko 100 calay faso tangasa i Monaco (paherekan no faso i MENTON), 40 ko fen no rakat. 110 calay a sakalic kipo 22 Europe payso, cecayay miheca a paya patikoay paya 33 Europe payso. Manga’ay midakaw to no France kitakit marar (SNCF) cinamalay, nai Nice ko rowad salongan 15 ko fen tangasa i Monte Carlo no Monaco a syataw.
Monacosi a sakaromakat pakafasoay, 5 k calay to kasasicofel ko rakat i maci, 2 Europe payso ko cecay tamdaw (ira ko masaromi’aday paya 5 Europe payso manga’ay mipili’), calay no lalan:
Route 1 : Monaco Ville - Saint Roman - Monaco Ville
Route 2 : Monaco Ville - Jardin Exotique - Monaco Ville
Route 4 : Condamine - Saint Roman - Condamine
Route 5 : Fontvieille - Hôpital - Fontvieille
Route 6 : Fontvieille - Larvotto - Fontvieille
Nawhani o ledef nomaci mililisay to lotok patireng, laloma’ no maci sa’etal mapatireng ko pakilaenoay lalan no tamdaw ato kapolongan pikalican macakat malokelon, sakanga’ay no tamdaw romakat tayra i tarepatan[7][8][9].
Tamdaw (人口) mikawit
O samadadiecay ko tamdaw i aniniay hekal ko Monaco kitakit, halafinay maro’ a tamdaw ira ko 32,020 tamdaw, toni 6,089 o Monaco kitakit a tamdaw. O itiniay kitakit no Monaco a tamdaw malasaawaayay, mahaenay tamdaw i hekal awaay i kasakitakit manengneng. Sa’alomanay maro’ o France tamdaw, ira ko 32%, sakatosa o Italy tamdaw, ira ko 20%, o nano Monaco tamdaw 19% ko tamdaw, osaw 29% tamdaw nai 125 a kasakitakit a mafolaway malakapot, mahaenay tamdaw mala o kasakitakit ko tamdaw no Monaco.
Monaco tamdaw ato citodongay o sata’akay ko yimong ’icalay. Samimingay i hekal a kitakit ko Monaco, sakatosa o Vatican.
France a sowal dengan sowal no Monaco kitakit, nika misano Inkiris, Italy sowal ato masasowal to no Monaco a sowal (Liguria sowal napela’an). Mafana’ay to tilid 99%. Loma Tingsokiw koniketonan no kitakit, salongan 90% ko tamdaw, nai Tingsokiw Monaco citodongay mikowan, nika Monaco kimpo pa’ading to romaroma a mitooray a mapakonira.
Kiwiko (教育) mikawit
Kaemangay ato tenokay mitiliday
Mo^etep ko no Monaco kitakit a pitilidan, tosa ko midamaan a Kaemangay pitilidan ato cecay kasakitakit pitilidan.
Kakoyin ato daykako
Dengan o kasakitakit daykako ko laloma’ay no kitakit a daykako no Monaco, o Inkiris a sowal ko sapipasifana’, patodong i kalali’acaan calay ko pinanam.
Onto (體育) mikawit
Monaco o sakatadamaan o F1 malalifetay to tosiya, i madi’ecay lalan ko kalalifetan a cingang i hekal.
Ponka (文化) mikawit
Kakaenen (飲食) mikawit
Pirarakatan (旅遊) mikawit
Tadamaan ko fotingan no Monaco, o cecay hongti no Monaco ko patirengay. Pakayraen i masatono’ay i riyar ko pisanga’. Kasacecay tingroh o pinengnengan no mirarakatay tamdaw minengneng to kasasiroma no i lalinikay no riyar a maamaan ma’oripay.
Malikiday ponka (流行文化) mikawit
Pinengnengan tilid. (參考文獻) mikawit
1. Monaco weather, climate and geography. web.archive.org. 2012-08-21 [2020-03-11]. nano nina’angan
tilid i 2012-08-21.
2. Jilly. Snow in Casino Square!. [2020-03-11]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2013-01-16）.
3. Climate. www.visitmonaco.com. [2020-03-11]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2021-03-23）.
4. "In Pictures: French Riviera hit by snowfall". www.thelocal.fr. [2020-03-11]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2018-08-12）.
5. Monaco (99) (PDF). Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1981–2010 et records. Meteo France. [26 February 2018]. （nano nina’angan (PDF) tilid i 27 February 2018） （France sowal）.
6. Climatological information for Monaco. Monaco Tourist Authority. [2 March 2018]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2 March 2018） （France sowal）.
7. Nice langdaway riyar sa’etal faso calay a tilid. [2013-08-07]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2014-06-17）.
8. Monaco pirarakatan calay. [2013-08-07]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2021-03-23）.
9. Monacofaso calay a tilid. [2013-08-07]. （nano nina’angan tilid i 2020-05-11）.
Monaco（摩納哥）
Itini i 43 44 N, 7 24 E, noYoropi ko Monaco. Polong no sekalay i 2 sq km “saka 254 ko rayray no ngangan. ” “O sekalay no sera i, 2 sq km, no nanom a sekalay i, 0 sq km ” Polong i 30,581 ko tamdaw.
sera(土地) Masakilac ko sera o malo kakaomahen(農業) a sera 1%, Malo no kilakilangan(林業) a sera 0%, malo no roma to a sera 99%.
siyoto(首都) O [[[Monaco]](摩納哥) ko Siyoto.
katomirengan no kitakit a romi’ad(國家紀念日) Pihiratengan no kitakit a romi’ad i sakacecay ko safaw 19 a romi’ad.
O Sawara’an no kitakit(國家) anini i ci Albert II(阿爾貝二世), patirengan(擔任) a romi’ad i 2005 a miheca(年) saka 4 folad(月) saka 6 a romi’ad.
Pi’arawan to lakaw
- ↑ Monaco weather, climate and geography. web.archive.org. 2012-08-21 [2020-03-11]. 原始內容存檔於2012-08-21.
- ↑ Jilly. Snow in Casino Square!. [2020-03-11]. （原始內容存檔於2013-01-16）.
- ↑ Climate. www.visitmonaco.com. [2020-03-11]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-23）.
- ↑ "In Pictures: French Riviera hit by snowfall". www.thelocal.fr. [2020-03-11]. （原始內容存檔於2018-08-12）.