Solomon
Solomon Riyaran Kitakit(Solomon Island)
Takaray Sowal(概略)
mikawitItiraay i satimolan a Dadahalay Riyar ko aro’ nona kitakit, i ka’amis no Awco, i sakawali no Papuaniwkiniya. O tapang ko mikowanay, o cecay akapot no Tata’angay Ikilis Masakapotay. O syuto i Honiyara.
O polong ira ko 990 no riyaran pala, kakahad no sera 28.450km, o tamdaw 64 ko ‘emang, itini i polong no kitakit i o tada manikaway kona kitakit.
Palapalaan (地理)
mikawitSolomon palapala ko dadahal no sera 2.84 ’ofad pinfang kongli[15], o dadahalay ko pala a kitakit. Solomon palapala i sakawalian no Papua New Guinea, sakaetip Solomon riyar, sakaetip katimol o raka riyar, o adihayay palapalaan. Halo Choiseul, Isabel, Malaita, Guadalcanal, Makira, Rennell, Bellona…a palapalaan. O citodongay to kicay no riyar 160 ’ofad pinfang kongli[15]. Ona palapalaan saheto o nano macelalay pala. Sakaetipay ato saka waliay a pala salongan 1500 kongli ko raraay. I sakaetip no Manatua a Santa Keloce pala ko raraay to roma palapalaan ira 200 kongli. Sata’akay Guadalcanal pala ko dadahal 6475 pinfang kongli, toni a pala sa’akawangay lotok Popomsanasiw, nai tongroh no riyar ira ko 2330 cm[16].
O Solomon a kitakit o sakakahaday a riyaran pala, i kawaliay no Papuaniwkiniya, misi’ayaway to Solomon riyar, i ka’etipay i o rakarakaan riyar, o riyaran pala ko misafacoay tona kitakit. O riyaran pala ira a silsilen i la’eno:
Sowasol(Choiseul)舒瓦瑟爾島
Syotolan(Shortland)肖特蘭群島
Fa’elohay Cioci( New Georgia)新喬治亞群島
Sen Isapil(Sant Isabel)聖伊莎貝爾島
Lusil(Russell Island)拉塞爾群島
Ngela(Florida Island) 佛羅里達群島
Malayta(Malaita)馬萊塔島
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Kuatakanal(Guadalcanal)瓜達康納爾島
Sikayana(Sikaiana)斯凱亞納島
Maramasik(Maramasike)馬拉馬西凱島
Olawa(Ulawa) 烏拉哇
Oki(Uki) 烏吉
Makira(San Cristobal)馬基拉島
Snata Ana(Santa Ana)拉納爾島
Pilona(Bellona)貝羅納島
Santa Kuruci(Santa Cruz)聖克魯斯群島[[Faylo:Political map of the Solomon Islands archipelago in 1989.jpg|thumb|Political map of the Solomon
Ira ho ko iraayay a mimingay a riyaran pala:
Tikopya(Tikopia) 第國比亞
Anuta(Anuta) 亞努達
Fatutaka(Fatutaka)華都達卡
Ona riyaran palapalan sahetoay o cilamalay a pala, o kinaira no pala i o nanges ko adihayay. O romi’ad sa i mi’aoraday, fa’edetay, mado’etay. Ira ko tosa sasiroma sanay a sera, o cecay i ono Solomon Kilakilangan a kasafaco no pala, oroma sa i o mingataay to Wannatu i ono Wannatu Kilakilangan a kasafaco no pala.
Likisi(歷史)
mikawitLimaay ko kasatongotongad no likisi no Solomon,ora i:Milanisya, Talariyariyaran ko Tata’angay Tamina,Malamikowanan a miheca,Sakatosa a kalaloodan,Niyahpikowan.
Milanisya: ano do’edoen tala’ayaw ko likisi no Solomon I ira to ko tolo ‘emang ko ko telang no mihecaan, o nani tiraay I Niwkiniya a Milanisya a tamdaw ko mafolaway a tayni maro’.
Talariyariyaran ko Tamina: caay ko mifotingay aca a tamina ko I riyaray, o tata’angay a tamina mipacakay a micolo’ to maamaan a dafong talacowacowa akitakit. 16sici tatooto’or sa ko nani Yoropaay a tamdaw a tayni I Solomon,1568miheca o mihahinamay a tamdaw ci Alowalo･Montaniya macakat tona riyaran pala, ma’eneng ningra ko kacicangaw no itiniay a tamdaw to ’ekim, pakaheraay to kako to tadadafong ni Solomon Honti saan cingra, sa pangangan han to Solomon kona kitakit.
Nikawrira, to ikor to ni Alowalo･Montaniya, tosa a so’ot ko mihecaan maketon ko kakakiting to I papotalay a kitakit. 1767miheca,o citanengay to tamina a tamdaw no Ikiris ci Fuilipu･Katolito miliyaw heca a tayni I Solomon, 1768miheca o mihahinahinamay a tamdaw no Folansu ci Luis･Antowang･Pokanwil tayni a mihinam to maman nona kitakit.
Malamikowanan no Yoropa:
1885miheca ma’eco no Toic ko saka’amis no Solomon, mala no niyam a dadipoten sanay. 1893miheca,o Ikiris to ko tayniay a mi’eco to satimol a riyar apalapalaan, patireng han ko「ono Ikiris a midepotan a pala no Solomon」, linah han ko tatapangan a niyaro’ tayra i Tulaci pala.1900miheca o Toic ato Ikiris satatosa sa amasasowal a miketon to tilid, pakaynien tona katatilidan I sawaden no Ikiris ko salongoc I Samoa, ta maha’emin to ko salongoc a sakanga’ay I Solomon.
I sakatosa kalaloodan no kaloakitakit:I sakatosa a kalaloodan 1942miheca sakacecay folad i maaro’ no Dipon, opingataan a milood to Auco sako pisafaloco’ no Dipon. Toya miheca o sofitay no Amirika macakat I Kutakanal riyaran pala, Tulaci riyaranpala, ato Enkola riyaran pala no Solomon. Tonini a lolood I o satatiihay I itiraay I Kutakanal, 6 folad ko katatoker no sofitay no Dipon ato Amirika.1943miheca marowid ko Dipon,o mikalican a hikoki no tapang no sofita ci Yamamoto Isoroku(山本五十六)mahikeda no raco a matefad,1945miheca ha’emin sato ko sofitay no Dipon a laliw to Solomon. [1]
’Iked no Niyahpikowan:1975miheca 6folad 22romi’ad,yano mikowanan ho no Ikiris pasacecay hanto a pangangan to Solomon, 1976miheca 1folad 2romi’ad, misatapang a midemak to Niyahpikowan,misatapang a misinkiw to mamisanga’ to rikec a lipoing,1978miheca 7folad 7romi’ad, malaheci to ko katomireng no kitakit.
I 2019miheca, sifo no Solomon mikiwidang to Ciwkoku orasaka mapalasawad ko kalawidang to Taywan, oniko picoker no Malayta(Malaita馬萊塔島)sakowan to Taywan.itiya sato madepdep ko lifong nani Uhan sakowan no Ciwkoku, damaen no Taywan ko Malata sakowan, nikawrira, matena’ no sifo no Solomon koya sapadang a dafong, o syosifo sato no Malata I mitopa to pisahapinangan sanay to.[2]
Sici (政治)
mikawitSolomon palapala aniniay kimpo i 1978 miheca 7 folad 7 romi’ad misiiked itiya mihapiw tina kimpo. Solomon palapala kimpo matelak todong no kitakit o no Hontian Rikec. Solomon palapala a kitakit a tapang o Hontian no Inkiris Charles saka 3, Hongti no Kitakit ko patodongay to citatodong mikerid a taypiaw, mikotayay to kakomodan a dademaken[15]. Midoedo to ’ayaway, citodongay a finawlan no Solomon palapala, o kalomaocan ko mipanganganay, lima miheca ko lekad. Anini Solomon palapala a citodongay ci David Vunaji, i 2019 miheca 7 folad mipatirengan[15]. Solomon palapala cecayay kalomaocan no finawlan ko mamidemak to sapirikec solongoc, Solomon palapala kalomaocan ko sakakaay ci’icelay no Solomon palapala, finawlan kalomaocan 50 ko iing malakapot, 4 miheca ko lekad[15]. Congli a pikerid to laloma’an to sakidademaken, congli nai kalomaocan a iing ko misingkiway, kakeridan o congli ko mitoro’ay. Kalomaocan iing manga’ay ko cacitodong.
Kicay(經濟)
mikawitO maomahay ato mifotingay ko ‘aromanay tamdaw,o kinairira I heci no nanges,kilinag,koko,foting,konga,tefos,pawli,talacay. O sa’adihayay a tayal I paloma to losay, mifotin ato mikarkar to ‘ekim. Caho ka pikarkar to tada fokeloh.
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I 1990 mihecahecan, o pasadak to dafong a mili’etan o kilang I makilitosaay to ko ‘etan. Ma’asiay tato ko pifafariw to kilang sa panahal sanay to ko tokos, oni ko saka pilalang to a mikilang I 1997miheca. Malowan to ko nipasadakan akiling I malowan ko ‘etan no sifo, oya roma sa ma’etanay a dafong I o simal no nanges, I 1999miheca mapinko ko kaysya, tongal sato ko kanikaw nona kitakit.
Solomon palapala ’alomanay tamdaw o malingaday, mifotinfay ato palomaay ko saka’orip. O nipalomaan ira ko ’afinang, kilang, panay, keke, nitayalay to foting, konga, pawli, talacay ato podac no tato’elep (kadang). O pipaloma ko sakaira no kicay no finawlan, mifotingay ato mi’ot’otay to ^ekim. Polong no pinasanga’ ato simal nai pacomodan. Toni palapala adihay ko kinaira cowa ho kacemahad ko fodawan, tinako ’oteng, sin, ni’ ato ^ekim[22]. 2022 miheca, Solomon palapala sifo hararakaten no payso sakaira 35.59 walwalan Amilika payso[23], o hararakaten masadakay 45.3 walwalan Amilika payso[24].
Tamdaw 人口
mikawitSolomon palapala a isal no tamdaw salongan 72 ’ofad, 94.5% o Milanisiya tamdaw, o Inkiris ko sakasasowal no kitakit, o Piking kosowal no niyaroaro’ [15].
Sician nipalafang (外交)
mikawitI Tayangkanatal ato Taypinyang, malacecayay i Tata'akay Ikiris a Lekatep a kitakit[20], misarocod micowat halo Inkiris a kalo micowatay kitakit makakomod kacacofel, o nian ko parana’an no sician nipalafang no Solomon palapala. Tangasa i 2019 miheca, Solomon palapala ira 122 ko kacacofelan a demak kitakit. Solomon palapala i 1983 miheca ato Taywan sifo mala cacofelan a kitakit, nika i 2019 miheca 9 folad 16 romi’ad, Solomon palapala a citodongay nitelek ato Congko a macacofelan a kitakit.
O pitooran(宗教)
mikawitO tamdaw no Solomon to 96% paso’elinay ci Yisoan, ilaloma’ nonini i 45% o Sinkonghui(聖公會), 18% i Tinsokiw, o 12% i o Pacecayan(合一教會), 10% 人Cinsinhui(浸信會), 7% o Ansukunic(安息日會) o 4% i o mi’ikeday, 4% o no to’as a kawas ko mita’ongan.
Punka(文化)
mikawitO sakatimolay i sa’etip a riyaran pala o Sa’etipay Linnil Pala, o satata’angay a rkarakan pala itini i polong no kitakit. O cidemakay to mami dipot to taliyok palapalaan no Linhoko Yunisiko(UN UNESCO) toro’en ningra ko 37 km2 a sera ato nani pala tahyra tolo a km no riyar ko dadipoten sanay.[3]
Itini tona riyaran pala ira ko tata’angay Tingano fanaw, o dadahal nona fanaw i o satata’angay itini i satimolan a riyar, o citodongay i caay ko sifo o maro’ay itini a tamdaw.
Itini tona pala i kali’oraday, cecay miheca mata’elifay ko 4,000mm a ’orad, sa cio’olay to romi’ami’ad. Adihay itini ko kafahekaan a nanoto’asan kina’orip, o fadadoki, ’oner no riyar, maymay, o kilakilangan i masasiroma o nanoto’asan a lan a hana, ato midapdapay a losay.
O pido’edoan a rikec no UNESCO a mitoro’ to sapiterekaw a midipot tona pala i sakasiwa a rikec:[4]
(9)hadhad a pala, nanonanoman, lawac no riyar, ato riyaran kina’orip ato a'adopen to, o kilakilangan to mifalicay ho masafa’eloh, o tahapinangan to kasado’edo no ‘orip no maamaan.
Sowal (語言)
mikawitO sowal no Solomon ira ko 70 ko kasasiromaroma, ono kapolongan a sowal i o Picin hananay a sowal. Ono sifo a sowal i o Ikiris sowal, onini i itiniay aca i syoto tata’angay niyaro’ o kamaro’an no sifo, nikawrira, itini tona niyaro’ o Picin sowal ko sakasasowal no tamtamdaw. Ano milyoko kiso i mafana’ay kako to Ikiris ano sa ko piharateng i caay ka hakowa ko mafana’ay to Ikiris sowal.
Ona sowal tonini ono Ikiris a sowal sano Solomon hanahay asomowal, patinako han:
You(kiso han no Ikiris),「iu」han no Solomon, (o ngiha’ to no Ikiris ko ma’alaay)
Patinakohan:One(cecay) o 「wan」 hananay to, yesterday(nacila)I o 「astade」 hananay to.
O pitoro’(人稱):niyah (mi)、kiso (iu)、 cingra(hem), ira ho I la’eno ko patinako:
| Picin sowal | Miriniay a Ikirirs sowal | Marapotay tamdaw |
| mi | I,mi | 1 |
| iu | you | 1 |
| hemhe | him, she, her it | 1 |
| mitufala | we,us | 2(caay karapotay kiso) |
| iumitufala | we,us | 2(marapotay kiso) |
| iutufala | ||
| tufala | they,them | 2 |
| mifala | we,us | 3(caay ka rapot kiso) |
| iumi | we,us | 3(marapot kiso) |
| iufala | you | 3~ |
| olketa | they,them | 3~ |
O sowal to Picin adhay ko fala sanay, oya fala hananay i o pisa’osi to cecay sanay ko tatodong.
O dademakay tilid(動詞)
O Pocin a dademakay tilid i sahetoay mito’oray tono Ikilis, ano mafana’ to Ikiris ya lahoday. Nikawrira, nipafitingan to -im anoca -em. Patinako han like falicen to likem, get falicen to getem. Nikawrira, ira ko caay ka hecad to Ikiris a sowal, o have(ira), ono Solomon sowal i garem sanay, eat(ka’en) i o kaikaim hananay.
Silsilen ho i la’eno:
| Picin sowal | Ikiris sowal | ’Amis a sowal |
| likem | like, want | maolah, mangalay |
| garem | have | ira, iraay |
| kaikaim | eat | ka’en |
| herem | hear | tengil |
| kukim | cook | sacacak |
| go | go | tayra |
| cam | come | tayni |
| tingting | think | miharateng |
| lanem | learn | hitatanam |
O laylay no tilid i milecad to Ikiris toya SVO sanay. Patinako han: I like an apple. sano Picingen i Mi likem onefala apple. Ano mina’ayay i tongal han to no manga’ay to. Pinako: I don’t like an apple. sano picingen sowal i Mi no likem onefala apple.
Pihapinangan a tilid(註釋)
mikawit[1] Hogue, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, p. 235–236
[2] 不滿政府與台灣斷交 索羅門友台馬萊塔省辦獨立公投 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館），中央通訊社，2020/09/03
[3] ^ 日本ユネスコ協会連盟『世界遺産年報2010』p.23
[4] ^ List of World Heritage in Danger due to logging that is affecting the ecosystem of the Solomon Islands’ World Heritage site.（世界遺産センター、英語）
1. CIA Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). [2018-11-13]. (nina’angan tilid i 2017-10-14).
2. Solomon Islands. World Economic Outlook Database. International Monetary Fund (IMF). April 2022
[2022-05-29]. (nina’angan tilid i 2022-05-29) (Inkiris).
3. Solomon Islands - Solomon palapala. Kitakit kiwiko kingkiwyin tosa ko sowal, kingkiw a tilid ato citin
kalocalay. [2022-05-03]. (nina’angan tilid i 2022-05-04).
4. Solomon kalaloodan piki’arawan hikoki temera. Awenhuypow(Hongkong). (nina’angan tilid i 2013-06-14).
5. Solomon mirawraw to holam lalan, Australiya mipahitay midama. [2006-04-27]. (nina’angan tilid i
2006-04-27).
6. Hogue, Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal, p. 235–236.
7. Cynthia Banham; Craig Skehan. Troops, police fly in to Honiara. The Sydney Morning Herald. 2006-04-20 [2017-08-15]. (nina’angan tilid i 2017-08-16).
8. Spiler. Misapinang: Solomon a kararawraw patonek to holam. BBC kowaoin. 2006-04-23 [2017-08-15]. (nina’angan tilid i 2017-07-22).
9. ’Alomanay Congko finawlan miliyas to Solomon palapala. BBC Congkocalay. 2006-04-23 [2017-08-15]. （nina’angan tilid i 2016-07-18）.
10. Cenfong. Terik Sikoa malaCngli no Solomon palapala. Sinlangcalay. Kasakitakit calay. 2007-12-20 [2017-08-15]. （nina’angan tilid i 2017-08-15）.
11. Macangal to sifo malaliyas to Taywan, Solomon a widang Malayta kanatal misiiked pitopaan （nina’angan tilid, manga’an i kalocalay）, congyang calay, 2020/09/03
12. Solomon palapala parakatay masadadahal, Congli a loma’ mailoh, kasakitakit, congyangse. CNA. www.cna.com.tw. [2021-11-26]. （nina’angan tilid i 2022-04-16）(Taywan).
13. Autraliya miocor to semo’otay hitay tayra i Solomon palapala mipadama, ’maratar simpong. www.zaobao.com.sg. [2022-04-02]. （nina’angan tilid i 2022-05-24） （Congko）.
14. ’Aikoray no Congko a Autraliya o maan ko nisamawmawan. BBC News Congko. [2022-04-02]. （nina’angan tilid i 2022-04-22）（Congko）.
15. Pakafana’ to kitakit no Solomon palapala. Congko sician nipalafang. 2021-08 [2022-04-19]. （nina’angan tilid i 2018-08-20）（Congko）.
16. Wangceyin. Palaoala pitiya kafana’an, o sarakatay ako a pitiya tilid. Tincin mirina’ay. ISBN 7201079670.
17. World Weather Information Service. [2007-04-03]. （nina’angan tilid i 2007-02-08）.
18. Pasifana’ to kitakit. Pala ato faco. Solomon palapala kalali’acaan ato ponka citodongay. [2017-08-15]. （nina’angan tilid i 2017-08-15）.
19. Solomon palapala a kasaira. Finawlan calay. 2006-11-01 [2017-08-15]. （nina’angan tilid i 2015-09-22）.
20. Inkiris nipatatekoan a kitakit. Finawlan calay. 2006-03-28 [2017-08-15]. （nina’angan tilid i 2017-08-16）.
21. Kapolongan simpon calay. Salaloma’an no Solomon niketonan ato kalaliyas to Taywan, kacacofelan po 18:30 simpon. Kapolongan simpon calay. [2019-09-16]. （nina’angan tilid i 2022-03-22） （Taywan）.
22. Pasifana’ to kitakit. kicay. Solomon palapala kalali’acaan ato ponka citodongay. [2017-08-15]. （nina’angan tilid i 2017-08-15）.
23. 2022 REVENUE ESTIMATED AT $3.5 BILLION PLUS. SIG ICT Services. 2022-04-19 [2022-04-19]. （nina’angan tilid i 2022-04-19） （Inkiris sowal）.
24. 2022 BUDGET EXPENDITURE ESTIMATED AT $4.531 BILLION. SIG ICT Services. 2022-04-19 [2022-04-19]. （nina’angan tilid i 2022-04-19） （Inkiris sowal）.
25. Solomon palapala mafangafang, makari’ang ko Congko, ano eca sakitelak. Amilika Congko calay. 2021-11-25 [2021-11-26]. （nina’angan tilid i 2021-11-26）.
26. O sapiri’angaw tisowa, Amilika Autraliya mipenec to Solomon palapala micicih ato Peicin. Kapolongansimpon calay. 2022-04-20 [2022-04-20]. （nina’angan tilid i 2022-06-07）.