Tunisia

Takaray a sowal(概略):

Flag of Tunisia

Tunisiya (kuwaping a sowal: 突尼西亞共和國) hananay ko pitahidang to kaloromi’ad. Itiraay i saka’amis no Afrika, ika’amis no saka’etip miingid to Sifo’an-Riyar. Tosa ko fiyaw no Tunisiya, isaka’etip o Arciliya(o kasalala’ed ira ko 965km², ikatimol no sakawali o Lipiya kasalala’ed ira ko 460km², isaka’amisan mangata ko Itali.ono Arapiya a tamdaw ko 'alomanay itini.

Location of  Tunisia  (dark blue)in Africa  (light blue)

Ngangan no kitakit(名稱)

Mi’alaay to ngangan no tatapangan tokay Tunis ko ngangan nona kitakit, ora Tunis hananay i,o to’asan ho a [[[Ciyatayci]] (迦太基; Finici a sowal; 𐤒𐤓𐤕 𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕；QRT ḤDŠT;To’asan kirisiya a sowal:Καρχηδών; Latin a sowal:Carthago) a fafahiyan kawas ci Tanito a mingangan.[1] Ira ko roma a sowal, onani Popor a sowal: ⵜⵏⵙ tns, o miaro’ to pala sanay ko imi nona tilid.[2]

Ono to’asan ho a ngangan i, o “Afirika”(Africa或Ifriqiya), o tatapangan no aniniay a Afrika ngangan.o afri sanay i, itiraay i ngata no Ciatayci (迦太基) a Sanmito a ngangan konini,o minganganay to afar, o “sera” sanay ko imi nonini,orasaka, o katelang a Roma nani afar ko pipanganan to “ Afrika”, ona ngangan tahanini.

Rikisi(歷史)

O sasifo’an a kitakit ato lalengawan no Ciyatayci ko Tunisiya. Ona itiraay i ka’amisan no Afrika ko Tunisiya o mikowanay to Sipanya, Ka’amisay-Afrika, salawacan no Sifo’ay-Riyar a kitakit ato etal a pala, o sakakaay a kitakit itiya ho ko Tunisiya, ora ko sakalaadaen no Roma-kitakit. O kakeridan no sofitay no Ciyatayci ci Hanipa-Paka(漢尼拔·巴卡; Latin a sowal:Hannibal Barca) mangata to a milood to Roma-kitakit. Toikor to i,malingato ko Sakaktolo-Pono Lalood no Roma ato Ciyatayci i Saka’amisay-Afrika,tona kalaloodan malowaid ko Ciyatayco mala Afilika-Kowan no Roma kapolongan kitakit. Noyanan to i,madado’edo ko Wantar-Hontian kitakit(汪達爾-阿蘭王國; Latin a sowal:Regnum Vandalorum et Alanorum), Saka’etipay-Roma kitakit(東羅馬帝國，現代學界又稱其為拜占庭帝國; Latin a sowal:Imperium Romanum)atoArapiya-Hontian kitakit a mikowan. Orasaka, halafin makowan no Otoman-Hontian kitakit. I 1881 miheca, misamatang ko Fransu itini, orasaka, malamikowanan no Fransu, toikor malami’adingan no Fransu, onini i, o Malamikotoday-kitakit no Fransu. I Sakatosa-Lalood i 1940 miheca malowid ko Fransu, i 1942 miheca malami’adingan-kitakit no Toic.

I 1956 miheca saka3 tolo folad saka 20 romi’ad, ira ko sapipalasadaw to Mi’ecoan-Sakowan a sapisiikedaw,malaheci to ko pisiiked no Tunisiya, mafalic ko ngangan no kitakit to Tunisiya-Hontian Kitakit. I 1957 miheca saka7 folad saka25 romi’ad milekal to nipatireng to kapolongan no finawlan a kitakit, o Nikifinacadan-Ca'enot a tamdaw ci Hapito-Pocipa(哈比卜·布爾吉巴; Arapiya a sowal:الحبيب بورقيبة‎；Fransu a sowal:Habib Bourguiba)o sarakatay congtong noTunisiya makikid ningra ko Tunisiya a kitakit malacomahacaday a kitakti. Do’edo malacongtongay ci Cayin-Apitin-Panali(宰因·阿比丁·班·阿里; Arapiya a sowal:زين العابدين بن علي‎), sakacomahadaw no kitakit ko patosongakan , nikawrira, o paifaloco’ay ko ka’orip no tamdawdaw ko pisa’icel nigra.

Cayin-Apitin-Panali misa’icel a micoroh to sakacomahad no pili’etan to saka’orip, paiteked sa ko pili’etan, orasaka, ‘aloman ko cipaysoay a tamdaw no roma a kirakir a tayni teli to payso to sakatayal. Kapolongan a Nitayalan 'Epoc Ilaloma' no kitakit(Gross Domestic Product,GDP) nani 1989miheca a 1,201 Amirika payso tayra to i 2008 miheca macakat to 3,876 Amirika payso.[1] Nani 1987 miheca latek 20 miheca ira ko 5% ko ka tongal no kaci’etan no polong no kitakit. Toan a mihecahecaan a pili’etan no Tunisiya o “kakafehekaan no Tucisiya” hananay.itini i 133 a kitakit i hekal a rayray o sakakaay, itini i polong no kitakit o saka40 ko rayray,malapi’arawan no tala’ayaway ko kacomahad a kitakit ko Tunisiya.[2]

I 2008 miheca ira ko karawraw no Pakapaysoay-Cunami no polong no kitakit i hekal, matiya o maselenay nona cunami ko kalo’orip no tamtamdaw a ‘aloman ko malapakoyocay. I 2011 miheca ira ko cecay a fafahiyan a momuing(matayalay i sifo)mistepi’ to cecay a paliwalay i lawac no lalan a tamdaw, o milokesay to Islam-Ponka konini sato ko finawlan a maketer, nona mateti’ay a fainayan i, mikinatodoh to niyah a tireng i ka’ayaw no katayalan no sifo. O sifo sa i, sakahemao han aca ko tefoc tona matayalay i sifo a fafahiyan,onini to ko lalengatan a masa’opo ko finawaln to sapifelihaw to sifo a “ Ciyasmi-Pilolol”(茉莉花革命;Arapiya a sowal:ثورة الياسمين‎，Fransu a sowal:Révolution de jasmin), o congtong ko catitodang tonini sa ko finawlan, ca to ka pakagilo to salongoc no finawlan palasawad han to no congtong ko Lomaocan-Kitakit, nikawrira, ocowacowa ira ko rawraw no kitakit, sawad sato ko congtong ci Cayin-Apitin-Panali(宰因·阿比丁·班·阿里) patorod han ko Congli ci Muhanmuto-Ciyanusi(穆罕默德·加努希; Arapiya a swoal:محمد الغنوشي‎) misolimet tona fangafang no kitakit.

Kaitiraan (地理)

Mahaop ko 40% a sera no Tunisiya o Sahala-Tafotafokan (撒哈拉沙漠; Arapiya a sowal:الصحراء الكبرى‎，aṣ-Ṣaḥrāʾ al-Kubrā ), o kakahad no nini a tafotafokan ira ko 9,400,000 km², milecaday to kakahad no sera no Amirika.o ‘osaw to 40% o ci’afoay a sera. I’ayaw ho to katateko i Roma- Hontian kitakit, itira i ’ayaw ni Yieso to 3 sici, o katenekan to no Ciyatayci-Ponka (迦太基文明;Finici a sowal:𐤒𐤓𐤕 𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕；QRT ḤDŠT).

Isaka’amisan i, o takaraway a tokos ato taporoporoan, o sakakaay i, o Atolas-Lotolotkan(阿特拉斯山脈; Ikiris a sowal:Atlas Mountains; Arapiya a sowal:جبال أطلس‎); isasifo’an o masakawalay a dafdaf,nani ka’etip pasiwali a malikelon, ikatimol nona dafdaf i o cicinahay a pala,skawali o sato’edaw sanay a salawacan no riyar a dafdaf, ikatimol o Sahala-Tafotafokan.

O lilis no riyar ira ko 1148 kilo ko kato’edaw. O sa’akawangay i, o Seanapi-Lotok (舍阿奈比山; Ikiris a sowal:Jebel ech Chambi; Arapiya a sowal:جبل الشعانبي‎). O sapa’enelay i, o Cilito-Cinahay-Fanaw, nani tongroh no riyar i la’eno to 17 laya’.

Itini i 34 00 N, 9 00 E, no Afrika ko Tunisia.Polong no kakahad no sera ira ko163,610 km², saka 93 ko rayray no ngangan i hekal. O sekalay no sera i, 155,360 km², no nanom a sekalay i, 8,250 km² ,Polong i 11,134,588 ko tamdaw.

sera(土地):Masakilac ko sera to kaomahen a sera 64.80%, o kilakilangan a sera 6.60%, no roma to a sera 28.60%.

Tamdaw(人口)

I 2001 miheca a pisa’osi to tamdaw, ira ko 9,700,000 ko tamdaw, isalaloma’ no nini i, mahaop ko 90% o Arapiya a Popo tamdaw.i 2008 mihecan a pisa’osi to tamdaw ira ko 10,380,000 ko tamdaw.

O sowal (語言)

Ono sifoan a sowal i, o Arapiya a sowal, nikawrira, o Fransu a sowal, Ikiris a sowal ato Italiya a sowal o kalasowalen no tamtamdaw.

Pitooran (宗教)

Pakaynien i Tatapangan Rikec no kitakit ono kitakit a pitooran ko Islam-Pitooran, orasaka, misa’eli to mamalacongtong kao Muslim ko tireng. Nikawrira, o kalotamdaw manga’ay to paifaloco’ ko pitooran, mapa’ading no Tatapangan Rikec ko paifaloco’ay a pitoor. O tamdaw no Tunisiya mahaop ko 98% o mitooray to Islam a Muslim, dengan 1% o mitooray to misakristoay,roma to a 1% o Yotaya pitooran.

I Tunisiya iraay ko tata’angay etal no mitooray to Kristo, latek ira ko 23,000 ko salikaka, sakakaay i o Tinsikyu ira ko 22,000 ko tamdaw.tahira to i satapangan no saka15 sici Popor-Kristo parariday ho a maro’ i Tunisiya. O maro’ay i ngata no tatapangan niyaro’ ato taliyokan no syoto a Yotaya tamdaw cecay no kalitolo no polong a Yotaya a tamdaw, oroma i, itiraay i Cierpa-Kanatal, itini tona kanatal ira ko 39 a kyokay no Yotaya ato i’ayaway no 25,000 mihecaan a niyaro’ no Yotaya.

Pacefaday a Tilid(註腳)

[1] Taylor, Isaac. Names and Their Histories: A Handbook of Historical Geography and Topographical Nomenclature. BiblioBazaar, LLC. 2008: 281. ISBN 978-0-559-29668-0.

[2] Rossi, Peter M.; White, Wayne Edward. Articles on the Middle East, 1947–1971: A Cumulation of the Bibliographies from the Middle East Journal. Pierian Press, University of Michigan. 1980: 132.

[3] UNdata Record View Per Capita GDP at Current Prices （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館），United Nations。

[4] 何清涟 : 突尼斯宪政的“路径依赖” - 阿拉伯之春三周年回顾（1）. 美國之音. 2014-02-01 [2017-08-02]. （原始內容存檔於2015-09-20）.

Papotalay pikafitan(外部連結)

• CIA
• 外交部
• List of current heads of state and government